RAPPORT F2007:03 - Avfall Sverige

Innehållsförteckning
FÖRORD ..........................................................................................................................................................................1
INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING ...........................................................................................................................................2
SAMMANFATTNING .......................................................................................................................................................3
SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................................................................4
1 BAKGRUND, SYFTE OCH UTFÖRANDE ................................................................................................................5
1.1 BAKGRUND.........................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 SYFTE.................................................................................................................................................................7
1.3 FÖRUTSÄTTNINGAR .............................................................................................................................................7
1.4 STRUKTURERING AV DENNA RAPPORT..................................................................................................................8
2 INFORMATIONSSÖKNINGEN.................................................................................................................................9
3 KEMI OCH FASFÖRHÅLLANDEN I MATERIAL AV INTRESSE .........................................................................10
3.1 INLEDNING........................................................................................................................................................10
3.2 HÖG TEMPERATUR ............................................................................................................................................10
3.2.1 Kristallint berg .....................................................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Cement och kalk.................................................................................................................................13
3.2.3 Aska från förbränning ........................................................................................................................16
3.3 LÅG TEMPERATUR .............................................................................................................................................20
3.3.1 Omvandlingar vid låga temperaturer ..............................................................................................20
3.3.2 Jord ........................................................................................................................................................21
3.3.3 Betong och kalkbruk ..........................................................................................................................22
3.3.4 Härdad och åldrad aska ....................................................................................................................22
4 FÖREKOMSTFORMER FÖR ZINK – TRADITIONELLA TEKNIKER ...................................................................25
4.1 INLEDNING........................................................................................................................................................25
4.2 ZINK SOM HUVUDELEMENT ................................................................................................................................25
4.3 ZINK I ASKA......................................................................................................................................................27
4.3.1 Lakning .................................................................................................................................................27
4.3.2 Termodynamiska beräkningar..........................................................................................................29
4.3.3 Diskussion ............................................................................................................................................30
4.4 ZINK I JORD ......................................................................................................................................................31
4.5 ZINK I ALKALISKA SYSTEM.................................................................................................................................34
5 FÖREKOMSTFORMER FÖR ZINK – EXAFS .......................................................................................................35
5.1 INLEDNING........................................................................................................................................................35
5.2 OM EXAFS-METODIKEN....................................................................................................................................35
5.3 FÖRORENAD MARK ...........................................................................................................................................37
5.4 FÖRORENADE SEDIMENT ...................................................................................................................................39
5.5 JORDBRUKSMARK.............................................................................................................................................41
6 DISKUSSION OCH SLUTSATSER.........................................................................................................................43
7 REFERENSER ........................................................................................................................................................47
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