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avtokefaliis gauqmebasTan er-<br />
Tad gauqmda saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
institutic. saqar-<br />
Tvelos eklesiaSi umaRlesi ierarqi<br />
mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitropoliti<br />
gaxda, romelsac sxvanairad saqarTvelos<br />
egzarqosi ewodeboda. politikurTan<br />
erTad ruseTma saqar-<br />
Tvelos sulieri aneqsia ganaxorciela,<br />
romelic saukuneze met xans<br />
gagrZelda.<br />
saqarTvelos samociqulo mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesia, marTlmadidebel<br />
qristianul eklesiebs Soris,<br />
erT-erTi uZvelesia. qarTulma<br />
eklesiam avtokefalia, anu sruli eklesiuri<br />
damoukidebloba, jer kidev,<br />
V saukuneSi, vaxtang gorgaslis<br />
periodSi moipova. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo<br />
islamur garemocvaSi iyo,<br />
qveyanam, udidesi Zalisxmevis Sedegad,<br />
qristianobisa da eklesiis avtokefaliuri<br />
mdgomareobis SenarCuneba<br />
mainc moaxerxa. Tumca arsebuli<br />
viTareba XVIII saukunis miwuruls Seicvala,<br />
rodesac saqarTvelo erTmorwmune<br />
marTlmadidebeli mezoblis<br />
_ ruseTis politikuri gavlenis<br />
qveS moeqca.<br />
1783 wels georgievskSi qarTlkaxeTis<br />
samefosa da ruseTs Soris<br />
xeli moewera traqtats, romlis mixedviTac<br />
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTis<br />
uzenaes xelisuflebasa da<br />
mfarvelobas cnobda. traqtatis ZaliT,<br />
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo taxtze<br />
mefes, amieridan, ruseTis imperatori<br />
amtkicebda. ruseTi valdebulebas<br />
iRebda, rom mefe erekle da misi<br />
memkvidreni qarTl-kaxeTis taxtze<br />
daculni iqnebodnen. qveynis saSinao<br />
marTva, samarTlis warmoeba da gadasaxadebis<br />
akrefa mTlianad saqarTvelos<br />
mefis uflebebSi rCeboda.<br />
marTalia, traqtati zRudavda, magram<br />
ar auqmebda qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifoebriobas<br />
da mis samefo<br />
32<br />
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
gauqmebuli avtokefalia da rusuli<br />
1811 wlis 30 ivniss ruseTis im-<br />
1811 wlis 30 ivniss ruseTis im-<br />
mixeil basilaZe<br />
peratorma aleqsandre I-ma specia-<br />
luri proeqti daamtkica, romlis<br />
mixedviTac gauqmda saqarTvelos eklesiis uZvelesi avtokefa-<br />
lia. qarTuli eklesia ruseTis saeklesio sistemis Semadgene-<br />
li nawili gaxda.<br />
taxts.<br />
georgievskis traqtatiT SeizRuda<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobac.<br />
SeTanxmebis merve muxlis<br />
mixedviT, qarTuli eklesiis meTauri<br />
kaTalikosi anton I ruseTis sinodis<br />
rigiT wevrad cxaddeboda. am<br />
gansazRvrebiT dairRva saeklesio<br />
samarTali, radgan avtokefaliuri<br />
eklesiis meTauri SeuZlebeli iyo,<br />
sxva eklesiis wmida sinodis wevri<br />
yofiliyo.<br />
ruseTma imperiuli ambiciebi<br />
georgievskis SeTanxmebis dadebidan<br />
Zalian maleve gamoavlina. 1801 wels<br />
ruseTis imperatorma pavle I-ma manifesti<br />
gamoaqveyna, romelic qarTlkaxeTis<br />
samefos gauqmebasa da mis<br />
ruseTTan SeerTebas gulisxmobda.<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis faqtobrivi<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg, sul male, eklesiis<br />
jeric dadga. struqturuli mowyobis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, rusuli eklesia<br />
Zireulad gansxvavdeboda qarTulisgan.<br />
jer kidev petre pirvelis<br />
dros, 1721 wels, ruseTSi patriarqis<br />
instituti saerTod gauqmda. mis<br />
nacvlad, uwmidesi sinodis saxiT,<br />
kolegialuri mmarTveloba dawesda,<br />
romelsac saero piri _ ober-prokurori<br />
xelmZRvanelobda. ober-prokurors,<br />
iseve rogorc uwmidesi sinodis<br />
yvela wevrs, imperatori niSnavda<br />
da aTavisuflebda. Sesabamisad,<br />
yvela mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebas<br />
mxolod imperatori iRebda.<br />
rusuli sistemisTvis qarTuli<br />
eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis tradiciuli<br />
wesebi absoluturad miuRebeli<br />
iyo da amitom saqarTveloSi SemosvlisTanave<br />
arsebuli wyobis Secvla<br />
daiwyo. Seiqmna proeqti, romelic<br />
saqarTveloSi avtokefaliuri eklesiis<br />
faqtobriv gauqmebasa da mis<br />
nacvlad ruseTze damokidebuli specialuri<br />
mmarTvelobiTi organos _<br />
dikasteriis Camoyalibebas gulisxmobda.<br />
1810 wlis miwuruls saqarTvelodan<br />
peterburgSi gaiwvies kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
anton I. gawvevis formaluri<br />
mizezi dikasteriis Seqmnas-<br />
Tan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze msjeloba<br />
gaxldaT, Tumca, sinamdvile-<br />
Si, patriarqis saqarTvelodan gawveva<br />
samSoblodan mis samudamo moSorebas<br />
niSnavda. patriarqis gawvevis-<br />
Tanave ruseTma mTlianad gaauqma<br />
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliuri<br />
ufleba da igi rusul eklesias dauqvemdebara.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesia,<br />
faqtobrivad, rusuli biurokratiuli<br />
sistemis danamatad gadaiqca.<br />
qarTl-kaxeTSi damkvidrebis Semdeg<br />
ruseTma saqarTveloSi gavlenis<br />
swrafi gafarToeba daiwyo. 1804 wlis<br />
25 aprils sofel elaznaurSi gaformda<br />
SeTanxmeba, romlis ZaliTac imereTma<br />
ruseTis mfarveloba miiRo.<br />
es SeTanxmeba georgievskis traqtatis<br />
analogiuri iyo. Tumca, rogorc<br />
qarTl-kaxeTis SemTxvevaSi, ruseTma<br />
xelSekruleba imereTTanac daar-<br />
Rvia. 1810 wels rusma generalma<br />
aleqsandre tormasovma quTaisSi imereTis<br />
samefos gauqmeba gamoacxada.<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi msgavsi bedi<br />
ewia samegrelos, guriis, afxazeTisa<br />
da svaneTis samTavroebsac. saqarTvelo<br />
ruseTis eklesiis saegzarqoso<br />
gaxda, romelsac rusi egzarqosebi<br />
marTavdnen. qarTvelTa varaudi, rom<br />
erTmorwmune mezobelTan SeerTebiT<br />
saqarTvelos eklesia ganmtkicdeboda,<br />
ar gamarTlda. ruseTisTvis mar-<br />
Tlmadidebloba mxolod Sirma iyo,<br />
romelsac imperiuli miznebis misaRwevad<br />
iyenebda.<br />
egzarqosobis periodSi gauqmda<br />
uZvelesi eparqiebi, gaiZarcva eklesia-monastrebi,<br />
daikarga mravali<br />
qristianuli siwminde. Seuracxyofdnen<br />
da abuCad igdebdnen uZveles qarTul<br />
saeklesio sagaloblebs, devnidnen<br />
qarTuli eklesiis wminda ada-<br />
Tebs, anadgurebdnen saeklesio siZveleebs.<br />
eklesia-monastrebSi aikrZala<br />
qarTul enaze wirva-locva. mTlianad<br />
SeaTeTres sveticxovlis, alaverdis,<br />
samTavisis unikaluri qarTuli<br />
freskebi. bevr eklesias rusul<br />
yaidaze Seucvales gumbaTebi.<br />
rusuli eklesiis CinovnikTa umetesoba<br />
saqarTvelos velur mxared<br />
aRiqvamda da aq gatarebul periods<br />
gamdidrebis saSualebad iyenebda.<br />
iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda, saqarTveloSi<br />
Camosvlamde egzarqosebma<br />
araferi icodnen qarTuli eklesiisa<br />
da saqarTvelos Sesaxeb da saqmes<br />
uzneo, angarebiani, xarbi moxeleebis<br />
meSveobiT marTavdnen.<br />
ruseTis xazinam qarTuli eklesiis<br />
150 milioni maneTis Rirebulebis<br />
qoneba miiTvisa. qarTul eklesias<br />
CamoarTves, daaxloebiT, 460 000 hamde<br />
miwa. avtokefaliis gauqmebamde<br />
saqarTveloSi 26 eparqia iyo, maTgan<br />
rusebma mxolod 5 datoves. daixura<br />
1000-mde eklesia-monasteri.<br />
egzarqosebis meSveobiT ruseTi<br />
qarTul eklesias erovnul saxes<br />
ukargavda. amis Sedegad daiwyo eklesiisa<br />
da qarTuli sazogadoebis gaucxoebis<br />
procesi. xalxi aRar dadioda<br />
eklesiebSi, naklebad ambobda aRsarebas,<br />
ar eziareboda. qveyana zneobrivi<br />
gadagvarebis gzas daadga. sarwmunoebam<br />
erovnuli identobisa da<br />
eris gamaerTianebeli funqcia dakarga<br />
da mas mxolod garegnuli daniSnuleba<br />
SerCa.<br />
pirveli rusi egzarqosi Teofilaqte<br />
rusanovi iyo, romelic saqarTveloSi<br />
1817 wels Camovida. rusanovma<br />
moqmedeba dasavleT saqar-<br />
Tvelodan daiwyo, sadac eklesiis<br />
rusifikacias Tavidanve Zlieri winaaRmdegoba<br />
Sexvda. mokle droSi daiketa<br />
aseulobiT eklesia, eklesiebidan<br />
gamoyares umrevlod darCenili<br />
mRvdlebi, xolo upatronod<br />
darCenili taZrebi daundoblad gaiZarcva.<br />
eklesiis mimarT aseTma damokidebulebam<br />
imereTSi aRSfoTeba<br />
gamoiwvia, romelic, sul male, ajanyebaSi<br />
gadaizarda. saxalxo mRelvareba<br />
ori weli ar cxreboda da misi<br />
Caqroba, rusuli armiis meSveobiT,<br />
mxolod 1820 wlisTvis moxerxda.<br />
quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeosi<br />
da gaenaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime,<br />
romlebmac rusuli Zaladobis<br />
winaaRmdeg gailaSqres, 1820 wlis<br />
4 marts, didmarxvaSi, daapatimres.<br />
isini jer scemes, Semdeg xelebi Seukres,<br />
Tavze tomrebi Camoacves da<br />
badragis TanxlebiT ruseTis gzas<br />
gauyenes. quTaTeli mitropoliti<br />
dosiTeosi gzaSi gardaicvala. rogorc<br />
varaudoben, xiStebiT daWrili<br />
mitropoliti tomaraSi uhaerobisgan<br />
gaiguda. dosiTeosi ananuris eklesiamde<br />
ise atares, rom xalxma misi<br />
sikvdilis Sesaxeb veraferi gaigo.<br />
gardacvalebidan 4 dRis Semdeg igi<br />
ananuris eklesiis ezoSi damarxes.<br />
marTalia, gaenaTeli mitropoliti<br />
32 N10 (187) 21.03-27.03.2017 w.
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