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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
_ rom CamovayaliboT, odiTganve<br />
ratom Seiqmna banki da ra<br />
daniSnuleba aqvs mas, getyviT, rom<br />
is aris Sauamavali, romelmac sakuTar<br />
Tavze unda aiRos roli, aiRos<br />
fuli im adamianebisgan, im struqturuli<br />
erTeulebisgan, sadac<br />
es fuli aris Tavisufali, gamouyenebeli<br />
da Warbi da igi gadaanawilos<br />
iseT dargebSi, sadac am resursebis<br />
nakleboba da saWiroebaa.<br />
Sesabamisad, man unda aiRos sakuTar<br />
Tavze, ase vTqvaT, ekonomikis<br />
gadamanawilebeli funqcia. man unfinansuri<br />
ganaTlebis done<br />
gaugebroba yvela sferoSi gu-<br />
gaugebroba yvela sferoSi gu-<br />
mariam tieliZe<br />
lisxmobs sirTuleebs. es procesi<br />
kidev ufro rTuldeba maSin, rodesac<br />
finansebs ganvixilavT. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis magaliTze<br />
xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sabanko seqtorsa da sa-<br />
zogadoebas Soris swori da saRi komunikacia ver myardeba.<br />
bevrma adamianma ar icis, rodis ra nabiji unda gadadgas, rom<br />
swori sabanko operacia ganaxorcielos. amasTan, moqalaqe<br />
verc sabanko seqtorisgan iRebs saWiro informacias ise, rom<br />
misTvis yvelaferi naTeli iyos.<br />
TiTqmis erTi saukunis win sa-<br />
qarTveloSi erovnuli banki Sei-<br />
qmna da mas garkveuli uflebebi,<br />
movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi<br />
daekisra rogorc sabanko sf-<br />
eros, ise - sazogadoebis winaSe.<br />
pirveli centraluri banki<br />
saqarTveloSi 1919 wels Seiqmna.<br />
arsebobs saqarTvelos organuli<br />
kanoni saqarTvelos erovnuli<br />
bankis Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviT,<br />
safinanso seqtoris warmomad-<br />
geneli aris komerciuli banki,<br />
arasabanko sadepozito dawesebu-<br />
leba, sadazRvevo organizacia,<br />
gadamzRveveli amzRveveli kompania, sabroke-<br />
ro kompania, fasiani qaRaldebis<br />
damoukidebeli registratori,<br />
aqtivebis mmarTveli kompania,<br />
centraluri depozitari, specializebuli<br />
depozitari, safondo<br />
birJa, mikrosafinanso orga-<br />
nizacia, arasaxelmwifo sapensio<br />
sqemis damfuZnebeli, sadazRvevo<br />
sabrokero kompania, angariSvaldebuli<br />
sawarmo, aseve fuladi<br />
gzavnilebis ganmaxorcielebeli<br />
piri da valutis gadamcvleli<br />
punqti; safinanso seqtori ki<br />
gulisxmobs safinanso seqtoris<br />
warmomadgenlebis erTobliobas.<br />
rac Seexeba komerciuli banks –<br />
is aris erovnuli bankis mier li-<br />
cenzirebuli iuridiuli piri,<br />
romelic iRebs depozitebs da<br />
maTi gamoyenebiT Tavisi saxeliT<br />
awarmoebs saqarTvelos kanonmde-<br />
blobiT gansazRvrul sabanko<br />
saqmianobas.<br />
daviT kikviZe _ sabanko produ-<br />
qtebis eqsperti:<br />
_ ra aris banki?<br />
22<br />
da moamaragos fuliT is dargebi<br />
da is erTeulebi, sadac mniSvnelovania<br />
ganviTareba. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
realurad, bankis funqcia<br />
ar aris mxolod komerciuli dani-<br />
Snuleba, rom man mogeba miiRos.<br />
TavisTavad, man unda ifunqcioniros,<br />
garkveuli sakomisio procenti<br />
unda miiRos Suamavlis statusidan<br />
gamomdinare imisTvis, rom<br />
iarsebos, Tumca misi upirvelesi<br />
daniSnuleba aris ekonomikis ganviTareba<br />
_ man es fuli sworad unda<br />
gadaanawilos ekonomikis dargebSi.<br />
_ ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos mo-<br />
saxleoba banks ra SemTxvevebSi da<br />
ra saWiroebebisTvis mimarTavs?<br />
_ saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />
ZiriTadi problema, dResdReobiT,<br />
aris msyidvelobiTunarianoba. anu<br />
realurad, sazogadoebaSi ar aris<br />
fuli. is ekonomikuri dovlaTi,<br />
romelic qveyanaSi iqmneba, gadanawilebulia<br />
Zalian araproporciulad.<br />
ar arsebobs Tanazomiereba.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, sazogadoebis,<br />
TiTqmis, umetes nawils, banki sWirdeba<br />
imisTvis, rom daikmayofilos<br />
Zalian moklevadiani moTxovnilebebi.<br />
magaliTisTvis, vTqvaT,<br />
swavlis dafinanseba, mcire teqnikis<br />
SeZena da a. S. rac, realurad,<br />
ar unda xdebodes.<br />
sazogadoebas unda hqondes imis<br />
SesaZlebloba, anu imis msyidvelobiTunarianoba,<br />
rom man moklevadiani<br />
moTxovnilebebi sakuTari saxsrebiTve<br />
daikmayofilos. es saqarTveloSi<br />
ar xdeba. SeuZlebelia,<br />
dRes saSualo fenis romelime<br />
warmomadgenelma (Tu statistikas<br />
daveyrdnobiT, saSualod, 1000<br />
laramdea xelfasi) daikmayofilos<br />
sakuTari moTxovnilebebi. saubari<br />
maqvs moklevadian moTxovnilebebze.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, adamianebi<br />
iZulebulebi arian, bankisgan<br />
aiRon vali, raTa isini daikmayofilon.<br />
es, realurad, problemas warmoadgens.<br />
Tuki problema aRmoifxvreba,<br />
Sesabamisad, bankebic gansxvavebul<br />
midgomebze gadava. dRes<br />
bankebi muSaobs sacalo operaciebze<br />
fizikur pirebze, romlebsac<br />
am moklevadiani moTxovnilebebis<br />
dakmayofileba surT da amaSi did<br />
mogebas „weren”, rac arasworia. anu<br />
es unda mowesrigdes da gadanawildes.<br />
bankis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba<br />
unda iyos biznesze aqcentireba.<br />
anu biznesis akrediteba unda<br />
iyos Zalian maRal doneze ganvi-<br />
Tarebuli, rac Cvens qveyanaSi, samwuxarod,<br />
uaryofiT tendenciad<br />
iqca.<br />
_ mosaxleobaSi arc ise dadebiTi<br />
damokidebulebaa sabanko sf-<br />
eros mimarT. ratom aris es ase?<br />
_ pirvel yovlisa, amaze pasuxismgebeli<br />
aris saxelmwifo gamomdinare<br />
iqidan, rom bankebis roli<br />
qveyanaSi gakomercializebulia _<br />
dRes bankebis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba<br />
gaxlavT, Tavidan bolomde,<br />
`pirveli centraluri banki saqarTveloSi 1919<br />
wels Seiqmna. arsebobs saqarTvelos organuli<br />
kanoni saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb,<br />
romlis mixedviT, safinanso seqtoris<br />
warmomadgeneli aris komerciuli banki,<br />
arasabanko sadepozito dawesebuleba, sadazRvevo<br />
organizacia, gadamzRveveli kompania, sabrokero<br />
kompania, fasiani qaRaldebis damoukidebeli<br />
registratori, aqtivebis mmarTveli kompania,<br />
centraluri depozitari, specializebuli<br />
depozitari, safondo birJa, mikrosafinanso<br />
organizacia, arasaxelmwifo sapensio sqemis<br />
damfuZnebeli, sadazRvevo sabrokero kompania,<br />
angariSvaldebuli sawarmo, aseve fuladi<br />
gzavnilebis ganmaxorcielebeli piri da<br />
valutis gadamcvleli punqti; safinanso seqtori<br />
ki gulisxmobs safinanso seqtoris<br />
warmomadgenlebis erTobliobas. rac Seexeba<br />
komerciuli banks - is aris erovnuli bankis<br />
mier licenzirebuli iuridiuli piri, romelic<br />
iRebs depozitebs da maTi gamoyenebiT Tavisi<br />
saxeliT awarmoebs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT<br />
gansazRvrul sabanko saqmianobas~<br />
komercia. banki aris Cveulebrivi<br />
biznesi, romelic orientirebulia<br />
mogebisken. es mogeba, TavisTavad,<br />
bankebis klientebis mxrebze gadadis<br />
da klientebs uwevT sabanko<br />
produqtebiT sargeblobisTvis sakomisio,<br />
saprocento ganakveTebis,<br />
jarimebisa da sxva gadasaxadebis<br />
gadaxda, rac, realurad, araswori<br />
midgomaa. mesmis, rom TviTon sabanko<br />
seqtorsac ar gaaCnia is resursi,<br />
rom iafi fuli moizidos mimdinare<br />
etapze da amis safuZvelze<br />
gaasesxos. Tumca Tavad bankebis<br />
mxridan Tavis klienturasTan midgoma<br />
Zalian arasworia, xSirad sakmaod<br />
xistic ki _ banki iSviaTad midis<br />
daTmobaze. saboloo jamSi,<br />
TviTon sabanko politika sazogadoebis<br />
mimarT, anu klientebis mimarT,<br />
siRrmiseulad Sesacvlelia.<br />
saswrafod gadmosaRebia evropuli<br />
modeli. pirvel yovlisa, Tundac,<br />
sakomisio gadasaxadebis, produqtebis<br />
Tanmdevi gadasaxadebis<br />
mxriv. es unda iyos Zalian liberalizebuli.<br />
evropasa da sxva gaviTarebul<br />
qveynebSi arsebobs garkveuli meqanizmebi,<br />
romelTa safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia<br />
saprocento ganakve-<br />
Tebis daweva. magram arsebobs sxva<br />
damatebiTi servisebic, romlebSic<br />
bankebi TiTqmis absoluturad yvelaferSi<br />
garkveul sakomisios<br />
iReben. elementarulad, arsebobs<br />
angariSis marTvis, internetbankiT<br />
momsaxurebis sakomisio, anu yvelaferSi<br />
sakomisio arsebobs, rac,<br />
realurad, araswori da arasamarTliania.<br />
amas, TavisTavad, erovnuli<br />
banki unda aregulirebdes<br />
da Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom ukve<br />
droze miviRoT TviTon bankebis<br />
servisebis Tanmdev sakomisioebze<br />
garkveuli regulaciebi, rom bankebi<br />
realurad iyos orientirebuli<br />
ekonomikis ganviTarebaze da<br />
ara marto sakuTar mogebaze. kidev<br />
erTxel gavimeoreb, rom sacalo<br />
segmentidan aqcentireba mniSvnelovania<br />
gadavides biznessegmentis<br />
akreditebaze.<br />
_ rogor SeiZleba aRmoifxvras<br />
sazogadoebis mxridan uaryofiTi<br />
damokidebuleba bankebis mimarT?<br />
_ pirvel yovlisa, mniSvnelovania<br />
ndobis sakiTxi. saqme isaa, rom<br />
sazogadoebas, elementarulad,<br />
sakredito produqtiT sargeblobis<br />
dros Zalian didi raodenobiT<br />
damatebiTi xarjis gadaxda uwevs.<br />
iqneba es sesxis gacemis sakomisio,<br />
sesxis maRali saprocento ganakve-<br />
Ti, vadaze adre dafarvis sakomisio<br />
sakmaod maRalia. erovnulma<br />
bankma, ase Tu ise, daaregulira _<br />
kanonmdeblobiT 2% gaxada, magram<br />
es mainc bevri mgonia imitom, rom,<br />
mimdinare etapze, ganviTarebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, Cven ar gvaqvs imis<br />
fufuneba, rom sazogadoebas vadaze<br />
adre dafarvisTvis jarima<br />
vaxdevinoT. vfiqrob, rom es sakomiso<br />
ar aris imdenad mniSvnelovani<br />
bankebis SemosavalSi, rom is<br />
aucileblad figurirebdes. arsebobs<br />
kidev sxva bevri damatebiTi<br />
servisi. rogorc sazogadoebaSi<br />
saubroben da mec Zalian bevri<br />
klientisgan msmenia _ yvela wvrilmanSi<br />
Tanxis gadaxdasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT. xSir SemTxvevaSi bankebi<br />
borotad sargebloben sazogadoebis<br />
gauTviTcnobiereblobiT. xalxis<br />
didma umravlesobam, realurad,<br />
ar icis, ras sTavazobs banki.<br />
_ sazogadoebis finansuri ga-<br />
naTlebis done rogoria Cvens<br />
qveyanaSi?<br />
_ SegvZlia vTqvaT, rom, dResdReobiT,<br />
finansuri ganaTlebis<br />
done saqarTveloSi nulovania.<br />
realurad, aravin icis, rodis ra<br />
tipis sesxi unda aiRos an Tu iRebs,<br />
ratom unda aiRos, ramdeni<br />
unda aiRos da a. S. maT, ratomRac,<br />
warmoudgeniaT, rom bevri saxis<br />
sesxs aiReben da dafaraven, rac,<br />
arsebiTad, arasworia. meore mxarea<br />
is, rom TviTon bankebi ar muSaobs<br />
sazogadoebasTan, Tavis<br />
klienturasTan, rom ufro kargad<br />
auxsnas ama Tu im sakredito<br />
produqtis arsi _ Tu adamians<br />
garkveuli problema aqvs, romeli<br />
tipis sesxiT sargebloba iqneba<br />
misTvis yvelaze xelsayreli, sarfiani<br />
da a. S. klientebTan Zalian<br />
araloialuri damokidebuleba<br />
aqvT bankis warmomadgenlebs. cdiloben,<br />
maTi gauTviTcnobierebloba<br />
sakuTari interesebis sakeTildReod<br />
gamoiyenon, klients<br />
damatebiTi sakredito produqti<br />
„Setenon”, rac maT aseve damatebiT<br />
Semosavals moutans. es Zalian<br />
didi problemaa, rac Tavidan bolomde<br />
aRmosafxvrelia.<br />
am bolo dros, me TviTon vsargeblobdi<br />
garkveuli sakredito<br />
produqtiT da iseTi saprocento<br />
ganakveTi SemomTavazes, romelic,<br />
absoluturad, ararealuri iyo. es<br />
me gavaproteste da Cemi gacnobierebulobis<br />
xarjze moviTxove damatebiTi<br />
informaciis mowodeba.<br />
22 N25 (246) 24.07-6.08.2018 w.
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