সৃষ্টির একুশ শতক পত্রিকা আগস্ট ২০২১

˛Ó˚Î˚ƒy° ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü ü!•°y §û˛ƒ •yÌ≈y xyÎ˚yÓ˚ê˛ö
xÓ˚%îyû˛ !ü◊
xy§%ö ˆüÓ˚# Ü%˛Ó˚#Ó˚ ~ܲ ÓyrôÓ#Ó˚ à“ ¢%!ö–
~•z ÓyrôÓ#Ó˚ çß√ •zÇ°ˆÏu˛– xyÓ˚ Ä•z ÓyrôÓ#
ü!•°yÄ !ÓK˛yöã˛ã≈˛yÎ˚ !ܲFå%È Ü˛ü Îyö öy–
à!îˆÏï˛ !í˛!@ˇÃ !åÈ° ïÑ˛yÓ˚– ˛õòyÌ≈!Óòƒy ã˛ã≈˛yÄ
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– xyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ã%˛!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ ≤ÃÎ%!=˛ !ÓòƒyÓ˚
ã˛ã≈˛y– öyüܲÓ˚y xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚Ü˛Ä Ó°y ÎyÎ˚ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ–
Ä ˆ•yñ öyüê˛y•z ˆï˛y Ó°y •Î˚!ö Ä•z öyÓ˚#
!ÓK˛yö#Ó˚– öyü ïÑ˛yÓ˚ •yÌ≈yñ •yÌ≈y xyÎ˚yÓ˚ê˛ö–
§yÓ˚y ˆÌˆÏܲ •yÌ≈y
•Ñƒyñ •yÌ≈y öyˆÏü•z ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛!ï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚– Î!òÄ
ˆ˛õy¢Ïy!ܲ öyü !åÈ° ˆú˛y•zˆÏÓ §yÓ˚y üyÜ≈˛§– !ܲv
ã˛M˛°ñ åÈê˛ú˛ˆÏê˛ñ xyU˛yÎ˚ ç!üˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚yáy ~•z
§!Aàö#ˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ÓyrôÓ#Ó˚y ~ܲ çyü≈yö ˆòÓ#Ó˚
öyˆÏü öyü ˆÓ˚ˆÏá!åÈ° •yÌ≈y– í˛yܲ öyü Ú•yÌyÛñ
çyü≈yö ˆòˆÏ¢ ôÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆòÓ#– ~•z ˆòÓ#ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚
xƒy°àyÓ˚öö §%•zöÓyˆÏö≈Ó˚ •yÌ≈y öyˆÏü ~ܲ!ê˛
ܲ!Óï˛y åÈy˛õy •Î˚ 1859ÈÙÈ~– ÓyrôÓ#ˆÏòÓ˚
ˆòÄÎ˚y ~•z öyü §yÓ˚yÓ˚ ~ï˛ê˛y•z ˛õåÈ® •ˆÏÎ˚
ˆà° ˆÎ xy•zö ˆüˆÏö ~•z öyüê˛yˆÏܲ•z @ˇÃ•î
ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ö° ˆ§– ú˛ˆÏ° ˆú˛y•zˆÏÓ §yÓ˚y üyÜ≈˛§
•ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà° •yÌ≈y üyÜ≈˛§– !öˆÏçÓ˚ ç#Óö !öˆÏçÓ˚
üˆÏï˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ àí˛¸ˆÏÓ ~üö û˛yÓöy ˆÎö ˆ§ ˆû˛ˆÏÓ
!öˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˆàyí˛¸y ˆÌˆÏܲ•z–
•yÌ≈yÓ˚ çß√ 1854 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 28 ~!≤ðñ
•zÇ°ˆÏu˛Ó˚ •ƒy¡õy¢yÎ˚yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xhsà≈ï˛
ˆ˛õyê≈˛!§ÈÙÈˆï˛– ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ !åÈ° ò!Ó˚o– •yÌ≈y
!åȈϰö üy ÓyÓyÓ˚ ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ §hsˇyö– ï˛yÓ˚ ÓyÓy
ˆ°û˛# üyÜ≈˛§ !åȈϰö ~ܲ ˆ˛õy!°¢ •z•%!ò â!í˛¸Ó˚
ܲy!Ó˚àÓ˚– •yÌ≈yÓ˚ üy xƒy!°§ ˆÌˆÏÓ˚§y ü§
!åȈϰö ˆ˛õyê≈˛ !§ ~°yܲyÓ˚ ~ܲ ÜÑ˛yã˛ ÓƒÓ§yÎ˚#Ó˚
ܲöƒy– 1861 §yˆÏ° •yÌ≈yÓ˚ ÓyÓyÓ˚ Îáö xܲy°
ü,ï%˛ƒ •Î˚ ï˛áö ï˛yÓ˚y §yï˛ û˛y•zˆÏÓyöó xyÓ˚
xT˛üçö üyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚– ú˛ˆÏ° xyê˛ÈÙÈxyê˛!ê˛
§hsˇyöˆÏܲ ÓˆÏí˛¸y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ òy!Î˚c
ˆÌˆÏÓ˚§yˆÏܲ•z !öˆÏï˛ •Î˚–
ò!Ó˚o ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ •ë˛yÍ fl∫yü# Ä í˛z˛õyç≈ö
•yÓẙˆÏöy à,!•î#ˆÏܲ §Ç§yÓ˚ ã˛y°yˆÏöyÓ˚ à%Ó˚% òy!Î˚c
˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yê˛y•z !öˆÏï˛ •° ~áö– ú˛ˆÏ° §Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
û˛Ó˚îˆÏ˛õy£Ïî•z ü%რ!ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ òÑyí˛¸y°–
!ܲv •yÌ≈y ˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ ã˛yÎ˚– ܲ# •ˆÏÓ ï˛yÓ˚⁄ •yÌ≈yÓ˚
üy!§ ¢%öˆÏ°ö •yÌ≈yÓ˚ ~üö •zˆÏFåÈÓ˚ ܲÌy– üy!§
üy!Ó˚Î˚ö •yê≈˛à xyÓ˚ ˆüˆÏ§y !üˆÏ° ~ܲê˛y fl%Ò°
ã˛y°yˆÏFåÈö ï˛áö– !ï˛!ö ˆí˛ˆÏܲ ˛õyë˛yˆÏ°ö
•yÌ≈yˆÏܲ Ä•z fl%҈ϰ ˛õí˛¸yÓ˚ çöƒ– öÛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ§
•yÌ≈y ã˛ˆÏ° ~° üy!§Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸– üy§ï%˛ˆÏï˛y û˛y•z
ˆÓyˆÏöˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏAà ˆÎˆÏï˛ ¢%Ó˚% ܲÓ˚° fl%҈ϰ– òyòy
!ò!òÓ˚y !ÓK˛yö xyÓ˚ xAܲ Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ≤ÃÌü !òˆÏܲ
á%Ó §y•y΃ ܲÓ˚ï˛ ï˛yˆÏܲ– Ü ˛ˆÏü ˆòáy ˆà°
§yÓ˚yÓ˚ Ó%!Âô ï%˛ˆÏáyí˛¸Ê ˆ§•z §ˆÏAà flõT˛ •°
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆû˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ìyܲy °í˛¸yÜ%˛ üˆÏöyû˛yÓê˛yÄ–
~ܲÓyÓ˚ fl%҈ϰ !ü̃y x!û˛Î%=˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ò%Û!òö
xö¢ö ܲÓ˚° ≤Ã!ï˛ÓyˆÏòÊ ~üö ã˛y!Ó˚!eܲ
˜Ó!¢T˛ƒ•z ˛õˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏܲ öyÓ˚# x!ôܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
xyˆÏ®y°ˆÏö ˆê˛ˆÏö xyˆÏö–
fl%Ò°!¢«˛y ˆ¢£Ï •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚
!àˆÏÎ˚ í˛zFã˛ï˛Ó˚ ˛õí˛¸yˆÏ¢yöy ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ §yô ˛õ)î≈ •°
öy •yÌ≈yÓ˚– ò!Ó˚o ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÌ≈ òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚
§Ç§yÓ˚ ã˛y°yˆÏï˛– ï˛y•z ˆ§ ܲyç !ö°
àû˛ˆÏö≈ˆÏ§Ó˚– ~•z ܲyˆÏç §æyhsˇ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ
ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ Ä §hsˇyöˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòáyˆÏ¢yöy
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ˛õ!Ó˚ÓˆÏï≈˛ xÌ≈ ˛õyÄÎẙ ÎyÎ˚– !öˆÏçÓ˚
ÌyܲyÈÙÈáyÄÎẙê˛y •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ Ä•z ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚•z– ú˛ˆÏ°
x!ç≈ï˛ ê˛yܲy ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚ ˛õyë˛yˆÏöy ÎyÎ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö
üˆÏï˛y– ~ÓyÓ˚ xy!Ì≈ܲ §%!fiÌ!ï˛ ~° Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛–
!ܲv •yÌ≈yÓ˚ üˆÏö §%!fiÌ!ï˛ Ü˛•z⁄ ˆ§ ˆï˛y ã˛yÎ˚
í˛zFã˛!¢«˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ç#Óöê˛y
§yçyˆÏï˛– ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ §Ω˛Ó •ˆÏÓ ï˛y⁄
˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ !ò¢y
!ò¢y •yÓ˚yˆÏöy ˛õˆÏÌ !ò¢y !ü°°– ˆüˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚
ˆû˛yˆÏê˛Ó˚ x!ôܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ òy!ÓˆÏï˛ ï˛áö ˆÎ
xyˆÏ®y°ö ã˛°!åÈ° ï˛yˆÏï˛ üyˆÏé˛ üyˆÏé˛ ˆÎyà
!òï˛ •yÌ≈y– ˆ§áyˆÏö•z ï˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏAà ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ âˆÏê˛
•zÇ°ˆÏu˛Ó˚ Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ !öÓ≈yã˛ˆÏö ˆüˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚
ˆû˛yˆÏê˛Ó˚ òy!ÓˆÏï˛ §Ó˚Ó üyòyü ˆÓy!í˛ˆÏã˛yöÈÙÈ~Ó˚–
ܲÌyÎ˚ ܲÌyÎ˚ í˛ẑ Ïë˛ ~° •yÌ≈yÓ˚ í˛zFã˛!¢«˛y ˆ˛õˆÏï˛
x§%!ÓˆÏôñ §yǧy!Ó˚ܲ ˜òöƒ ~ÓÇ àû˛ˆÏö≈ˆÏ§Ó˚
ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ ܲÌy– üyòyˆÏüÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ï˛yÓ˚ í˛zFã˛!¢«˛yÎ˚
àû˛#Ó˚ xö%Ó˚yàÄ ˆày˛õö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö öy •yÌ≈y–
•yÌ≈yÓ˚ ܲÌy ¢%ˆÏö ï˛yÓ˚ í˛zFã˛!¢«˛yÓ˚ çöƒ
xÌ≈§y•yˆÏ΃Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛◊%!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ°ö
ˆÓy!í˛ˆÏã˛yö– ~•z ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚y ˆ°•z !fløÌ
ˆÓy!í˛ˆÏã˛yö !åȈϰö !¢«˛yö%Óẙà#ñ öyÓ˚#Óyò#ñ ~ÓÇ
ü!•°yˆÏòÓ˚ §üyö x!ôܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çöƒ °í˛¸y•z ܲÓ˚y
§yüˆÏöÓ˚ §y!Ó˚Ó˚ ü!•°y– !ï˛!ö ˛õyˆÏ¢ ~ˆÏ§
òÑyí˛¸yˆÏöyˆÏï˛ û˛Ó˚§y ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ àû˛ˆÏö≈ˆÏ§Ó˚ ܲyç
ˆåȈÏí˛¸ !òˆÏÎ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ ˛õí˛¸yˆÏ¢yöyÎ˚ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ°ö
§,!T˛Ó˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ • xyàfiê˛ 2021
64
•yÌ≈y– üyòyü ˆÓy!í˛ˆÏã˛yˆÏöÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü !Óáƒyï˛
§y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ ~ÓÇ öyÓ˚#!¢«˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃÓ=˛y çç≈
~!°Î˚ˆÏê˛Ó˚ §ˆÏAàÄ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ âê˛° ï˛yÓ˚– 1875
§yˆÏ° çç≈ ~!°Î˚ˆÏê˛Ó˚ ~ܲê˛y !ã˛!ë˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆòáy
ÎyÎ˚ñ •yÌ≈yÓ˚ !¢«˛yÓ˚ çöƒ xÌ≈ §Ç@ˇÃˆÏ• !ï˛!ö
!öˆÏç ˆöˆÏüˆÏåÈö– xˆÏöˆÏܲ ӈϰöñ ≤ÃyÎ˚ Ä•z
§üˆÏÎ˚•z ô#ˆÏÓ˚ ô#ˆÏÓ˚ ã˛°!åÈ° ~!°Î˚ˆÏê˛Ó˚ Doniel
Deronda ˆ°áyÓ˚ ܲyç– ˆ§áyˆÏö ˆÎ
‘Mirah’Ó˚ ã˛!Ó˚e!ê˛ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏï˛ñ
ï˛yˆÏï˛ •yÌ≈yÓ˚ åÈy˛õ flõT˛Ê
•ë˛yÍ ˛õyÄÎ˚y §%ˆÏÎyàê˛yˆÏܲ ܲyˆÏç °y!àˆÏÎ˚
•yÌ≈y ˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ°ö ˆÜ˛ü!Ó ˆÏçÓ˚ !@ˇÃê˛ö
ܲˆÏ°ˆÏç– Ä•z ܲˆÏ°ˆÏçÓ˚ ~ܲ xöƒï˛ü
≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yï˛y !åȈϰö üyòyü ˆÓy!í˛ˆÏã˛yö– ˆ§áyˆÏö
!Óhfl,Ïï˛ ˛õyë˛ !öˆÏ°ö xˆÏAܲÓ˚– ˛õòyÌ≈!Óòƒy
!¢áˆÏ°ö !Ó˚ã˛yí≈˛ ˆ@’çÓ %ˆÏܲÓ˚ ܲyˆÏç– ˆÜ˛ü!Ó ˆÏç
ÌyܲyÓ˚ §üÎ˚ •yÌ≈y ï˛yÓ˚ §•çyï˛ ≤ÃyÎ%!=˛Ü˛
ò«˛ï˛y Ä ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓòƒyÓ˚ K˛yöˆÏܲ ܲyˆÏç °y!àˆÏÎ˚
~ܲê˛y Ó˚=˛ã˛y˛õ üy˛õyÓ˚ Îsf !flÒàˆÏüyüƒyˆÏöy!üê˛yÓ˚
Óy!öˆÏÎ˚ ˆú˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰöÊ ¢y°≈ê˛ flÒˆÏê˛Ó˚ §ˆÏAà
!üˆÏ° ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö xAܲ!ÓòƒyÈÙÈ
xö%Ó˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ üƒÿÏü!ê˛Ü˛ƒy° Üœ˛yÓ–
1880 §yˆÏ° ˆÜ˛ü!Ó ç ˆÌˆÏܲ
à!îï˛!ÓòƒyÓ˚ ê˛Δy•z˛õ§ ˛õÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ §§¡øyˆÏö í˛z_#ö≈
•ö •yÌ≈y– !ܲv ˆÜ˛ü!Ó ç ï˛yˆÏܲ !í˛!@ˇÃ !ò°
öy– ܲyÓ˚î ï˛áöܲyÓ˚ !öÎ˚ˆÏü ˆüˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ !í˛!@ˇÃ
ˆòÄÎ˚y •ï˛ öy– ÓòˆÏ° !ü°ï˛ §y!ê≈˛!ú˛ˆÏܲê˛Ê
ˆ§ê˛y•z ˆ˛õˆÏ°ö xàï˛ƒyÊ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ °u˛ö
!ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó!•Ó˚yàï˛ åÈye# !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ
§Ó˚y§!Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y !òˆÏÎ˚ @ˇÃyç%ˆÏÎ˚ê˛ •° •yÌ≈y
üyÜ≈˛§–
≤ÃÌü xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚
~ÓyÓ˚ °u˛ˆÏö !ú˛Ó˚ˆÏ°ö •yÌ≈y– !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§ ¢%Ó˚%
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö !¢«˛Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ ܲyç– ˆ§•z§ˆÏAà í˛z˛õyç≈ö
Óyí˛¸yˆÏï˛ ~üÓ Î˚í˛y!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲyçÄ ã˛°°
§üyöï˛yˆÏ°– §ˆÏAà ܲü≈Ó˚ï˛y ˆüˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ
~ܲê˛y Üœ˛yÓ ã˛y°yˆÏöyñ ܲü≈«˛ü•#ö ~ܲ ˆÓyˆÏöÓ˚
!òˆÏܲ öçÓ˚ñ ܲ_ ܲ_ ܲyç– ˛õí˛¸yˆÏöyÓ˚ ܲyç
ã˛°!åÈ° ö!ê˛Ç !•° ~ÓÇ ~!°Ç •y•zfl%҈ϰ– ˆ§•z
§ˆÏAà öyöy ày!î!ï˛Ü˛ §ü§ƒyÓ˚ §üyôyˆÏöÓ˚
ܲyçÄ ã˛y!°ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎï˛ •yÌ≈y– ~§ˆÏÓÓ˚ xˆÏöܲê˛y
‘Mathematical Problems and their
Solutions’ öyˆÏü Ú~í%˛ˆÜ˛¢öƒy° ê˛y•zü§ÛÈÙÈ~