সৃষ্টির একুশ শতক পত্রিকা আগস্ট ২০২১

§¡õyòܲ#Î˚
ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ 75ï˛ü !òӈϧ ˆò¢ç%ˆÏí˛¸ xyö® í˛zÍ§Ó •ÄÎ˚y á%Ó•z fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ
•ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ï˛ !ܲv ÓyhflψÏÓ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ §yôyÓ˚î üyö%£Ï fl∫yô#öï˛y í˛zͧˆÏÓ §ÇÎ%=˛
•ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö!ö– ÓẙT˛Δ#Î˚ í˛ẑ Ïòƒyà Ä ï˛Í˛õÓ˚ï˛y §yôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!òˆÏöÓ˚ ç#ÓöÎy˛õöÈÙÈ
x!û˛K˛ï˛yÓ˚ ã˛yˆÏ˛õ ˆ˛õåȈÏö §ˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ– °y°ˆÏÜ˛Õ‘yÓ˚ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ ≤ÃyAàˆÏî òÖy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚
≤Ãôyöüsf# öˆÏÓ˚w òyˆÏüyòÓ˚ ˆüyò# §ü@ˇÃ çy!ï˛ˆÏܲ í˛zI#!Óï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ï˛Ìƒçy°
!ÓhflÏyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ §yú˛°ƒÓ˚ ˆ§yöy!° §í˛¸ˆÏܲ ˆò¢Óy§#ˆÏܲ ˆê˛ˆÏö !öˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛y
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°Äñ §yôyÓ˚î üyö%£Ï í˛zòy§#ö ˆÌˆÏܲˆÏåÈö– !ӈϢ£Ï í˛zI#Óö âˆÏê˛ˆÏåÈ ~üö
òy!Ó Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ÓyhflÏÓï˛y ˆö•z–
1947 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 15 xyàfiê˛ ˆò¢ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ã˛ˆÏ° !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° !Ó !ê˛¢ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyò#
¢!=˛– 190 ÓåÈÓ˚ xyˆÏà 1757 §yˆÏ° ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ ˛õ°y!¢Ó˚ ≤ÃyhsˇˆÏÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚yô#öï˛yÓ˚
@’y!ö ¢%Ó˚% •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– !Ó !ê˛¢Ó˚y Ó˚yç¢!=˛ òᰠܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°– ˛õÓ˚yçˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ @’y!ö ˆüyã˛ˆÏöÓ˚
çöƒ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ öyöy ≤ÃyˆÏhsˇ °í˛¸y•zÈÙȧÇ@ˇÃyü àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ°ñ !ܲv K˛yöÈÙÈ!ÓK˛yö Ä
í˛zß¨ï˛ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yܲ≤ÃyÆ !Ó !ê˛¢¢!=˛Ó˚ §ˆÏAà ˆ§•z§Ó !Ó!FåÈߨ xyˆÏ®y°ö
§Ç@ˇÃyü ôùhflÏ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚– Ó#Ó˚c˛õ)î≈ °í˛¸y•z fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ Ó#ç Ó˛õö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚
˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ çyï˛#Î˚ ˆã˛ï˛öyÓ˚Ä í˛zˆÏß√£Ï â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y ˆåÈyˆÏê˛yÈÙÈÓˆÏí˛¸y
Ó˚yçƒ xyÓ˚ §yühsˇ ≤Ãû%˛ˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚yçˆÏc û˛yÓ˚ï˛ˆÏã˛ï˛öyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy xÓܲy¢ !åÈ° öyó
!Ó !ê˛¢ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyò# ¢!=˛Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚%ˆÏÂô §Çà!ë˛ï˛ x§ÇრÓ#Ó˚c˛õ)î≈ §Ç@ˇÃyüñ xà!îï˛
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xydï˛ƒyàñ ˆò¢û˛yÓöy Ä !öçfl∫ û)˛áˆÏ[˛Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ˆÏÓyô ˆÌˆÏܲ
!Óܲ!¢ï˛ çyï˛#Î˚ï˛yˆÏÓyô Ü ˛ü¢ ≤çy!Ó˚ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ¢%ô% öÎ˚ñ ˙ܲƒÓÂô û˛yÓ˚ï˛ àˆÏí˛¸
ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ ܲ“öy í˛zj#Æ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚!åÈ° xööƒ ü!•üyÎ˚– ~•z û˛yÓ˚ï˛ ˆã˛ï˛öyÓ˚ Ü ˛ü!Óܲy¢•z
çy!ï˛ÈÙÈôü≈ÈÙÈÓî≈ÈÙȧ¡±òyÎ˚ Ä û˛y£Ïy §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ Ó•% !Óû˛yçö Ä §Çܲ#î≈ !ã˛hsˇyˆÏܲ
ˆ˛õåȈÏö ˆë˛ˆÏ° û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚cˆÏÓyô §yüˆÏö ~ˆÏö!åÈ°– !Ó !ê˛¢ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyò!ÓˆÏÓ˚yô#
fl∫yô#öï˛y §Ç@ˇÃyü•z ï˛y•z çyï˛#Î˚ ˙ܲƒ Ä §Ç•!ï˛Ó˚ ü)° !û˛!_–
74 ÓåÈÓ˚ xyˆÏà fl∫yô#ö û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü ≤Ãôyöüsf# çÄ•Ó˚°y° ˆö•Ó˚% !ÓK˛yö
Ä ≤ÃÎ%!=˛Ó˚ Óƒy˛õܲ ≤çyÓ˚ â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ o%ï˛ xyô%!öܲ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ àí˛¸yÓ˚ xAà#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö–
!Ó !ê˛¢ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˆÎ ˛õÿ˛yÍü%á# çöˆÏày¤˛# !åÈ°ñ ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy §ˆÏ®•
ˆö•zñ xˆÏöܲê˛y ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§!åÈ– ò¢ ¢ï˛yÇ¢Ó˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚Ä Ü˛ü û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ §y«˛Ó˚
!åȈϰöñ ~áö £Ïyê˛È ¢ï˛yÇ¢ åÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈñ !ܲv °«˛î#Î˚ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ !öÓ˚«˛Ó˚
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §Ó≈Ó,•Í Óy§û)˛!ü ~•z fl∫yô#ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ï≈– §yôyÓ˚îû˛yˆÏÓ fl∫yfĩ Ä !ã˛!ܲͧy
ÓƒÓfiÌyÓ˚ í˛zߨÎ˚ö Ä xyô%!öܲ#ܲÓ˚î âˆÏê˛ˆÏåÈ ÓˆÏ°•z û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ àí˛¸ xyÎ˚% üye
Ó!e¢ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÓˆÏí˛¸ àï˛ 74 ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ §_Ó˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ !ܲv fl∫yfĩ
Ä !ã˛!ܲͧy ÓƒÓfiÌy ~áöÄ §yôyÓ˚î @ˇÃyü#î à!Ó˚Ó üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ öyàyˆÏ°Ó˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚–
°y°ˆÏÜ˛Õ‘yÎ˚ ˛õï˛yܲy ï%˛ˆÏ° à!Ó≈ï˛ ≤Ãôyöüsf# ÓœÜ˛ hflψÏÓ˚ !ã˛!ܲͧyÓƒÓfiÌy ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ
ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ xAà#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– •y§˛õyï˛y°à%!°ˆÏï˛ x!:ˆÏçö í˛zͲõyòöˆÏܲw
fiÌy˛õˆÏöÓ˚Ä ≤Ã!ï˛◊%!ï˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– !ܲv üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ x!û˛K˛ï˛y ܲ#⁄ §y¡±!ï˛Ü˛
x!ï˛üy!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚yöyÓ˚ !Óôùǧ# !òöà%!°ˆÏï˛ !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ §%ˆÏÎyà§%!ÓôyÓ˚ ÓyhflÏÓ !ã˛e!ê˛
ˆÓxyÓ % •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ–
x!ï˛üy!Ó˚Ó˚ !òöà%!°ˆÏï˛ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ çyï˛#Î˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛Ó˚ ˆüÓ˚%ò[˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ˆû˛ˆÏä
˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ öyöy §)ˆÏe ˆÎ åÈ!Ó í˛zˆÏë˛ xy§ˆÏåÈñ ï˛yˆÏï˛ xö%üyö Ü%˛!í˛¸ÈÙÈ˛õÑ!ã˛¢
ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ Ü˛ü≈«˛ü üyö%£Ï ˆÓ˚yçàyÓ˚ •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓˆÏÓ˚yçàyÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈö– ≤Ã!ï˛!òö
x§Çრüyö%£Ï ܲyç •yÓ˚yˆÏFåÈöñ ܲyê˛åÈÑyê˛ Ü˛Ó˚y ˆÓï˛ö Ä üç%!Ó˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲyç ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
Óyôƒ •ˆÏFåÈö– ˛õ!Ó˚ÎyÎ˚# ◊!üܲÓ˚y üy•zˆÏ°Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚ üy•z° ˛õyˆÏÎ˚ ˆ•ÑˆÏê˛ xû%˛=˛ ¢#î≈ç#î≈
¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õÌ ã˛°ˆÏï˛ ã˛°ˆÏï˛ ≤Ãyî •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈöñ ï˛y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ çyï˛#Î˚ °IyÓ˚
xöƒï˛ü í˛z˛õyòyö– ~•z °Iy xyÓ˚Ä ï˛#Ó •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ~•z §üˆÏÎ˚•z §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ öï%˛ö
§Ç§òû˛Óö !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ çöƒ §•flÀ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲyÓ˚ ~ܲ !Ó¢y° ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy ˆúÑ˛ˆÏò
ܲyç ¢%Ó˚% ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒ xö%§Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ í˛. !Ó.xyÓ˚. xyˆÏ¡∫òܲÓ˚ Ä xöƒyöƒ
!ӈϢ£ÏK˛Ó˚y ˆÎ §Ç!Óôyö ≤Ã›ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰöñ 1950 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 26 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚
û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ çöàî ï˛y !öˆÏçÓ˚y•z !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zͧà≈ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– ˆ§•z §Ç!ÓôyˆÏöÓ˚
ü)° !û˛!_ !åÈ° ôü≈!öÓ˚ˆÏ˛õ«˛ï˛y Ä àîï˛sfñ §y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ §¡±#!ï˛ Ä çyï˛#Î˚
§Ç•!ï˛ñ Î%=˛ÓẙT˛Δ#Î˚ ܲyë˛yˆÏüy Ó˚«˛y Ä Óẙçƒà%!°Ó˚ •yˆÏï˛ Óƒy˛õܲï˛ü «˛üï˛y •hflÏyhsˇÓ˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ àîï˛ˆÏsfÓ˚ !ÓˆÏܲw#ܲÓ˚î– çyï˛ÈÙÈôü≈ÈÙÈÓî≈ÈÙȧ¡±òyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˜Ó£Ïüƒ ò)Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ fl∫yô#ö
§yÓ≈ˆÏû˛Ôü xyô%!öܲ §üyçï˛y!sfܲ àîï˛y!sfܲ §yôyÓ˚îï˛sfÓ˚ û˛yÓöyˆÏܲ ˛õÕ‘!Óï˛
ܲÓẙ ~ÓÇ ò,ì˛¸ ˙ܲƒÓÂô û˛yÓ˚ï˛ !öü≈yî– fl∫yô#öï˛y §Ç@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ !òöà%!°ˆÏï˛ ˆò¢ˆÏ≤Ã!üܲ
çyï˛#Î˚ ˆöï,˛Ó,® ˆÎ fl∫≤¿ ˆòˆÏá!åȈϰö ~ÓÇ Ü˛“öyÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ !öü≈yî ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö
!öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ xhsˇˆÏÓ˚ xhsˇˆÏÓ˚ñ ï˛y xyçÄ xôÓ˚y ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆàˆÏåÈ Ó°ˆÏ° á%Ó Ü˛ü Ó°y
•ˆÏÓñ ÓÓ˚Ç Ó°y çÓ˚%!Ó˚ñ !ï˛ˆÏ° !ï˛ˆÏ° û˛yÓ˚ï˛ û˛yÓöyˆÏܲ •ï˛ƒy ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
«˛üï˛yÎ˚ x!ô!¤˛ï˛ •ÄÎẙÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ñ x!ï˛ o%ï˛ çyï˛#Î˚ ˆöï,˛Ó,® fl∫yô#öï˛y §Ç@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚
!≤ÃÎ˚ fl∫yô#öï˛y
!òöà%!°Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛◊%!ï˛ û%˛°ˆÏï˛ ÓˆÏ§!åȈϰö– ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ Óyò ˆàˆÏ°Ä ˆÜ˛ˆÏw
~ܲê˛yöy çyï˛#Î˚ Ü˛ÇˆÏ@ˇÃ§ ò°•z «˛üï˛yÎ˚ !åÈ° ~ÓÇ ≤ÃyÎ˚ §Ó Ó˚yˆÏ烕z ò#â≈ §üÎ˚
~ܲܲû˛yˆÏÓ ü!sfc ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈñ ≤ây§ö ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– !ܲv ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ xû˛ƒhsˇˆÏÓ˚
çˆÏü Ìyܲy xrôܲyÓ˚ ò)Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yܲüÎ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ çö§üyç àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚
ˆï˛üö ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ˆã˛T˛y•z ܲˆÏÓ˚!ö– §y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ ¢!=˛Ó˚ §ˆÏAà x!ÓÓ˚ï˛ §üˆÏé˛yï˛y
Ä xy˛õ§ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ôü≈!öÓ˚ˆÏ˛õ«˛ ¢!=˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ «˛Î˚ˆÏÓ˚yà §,!T˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ôö˜ÏÓ£Ïüƒ
Ó•%à%î ˆ§•z xyüˆÏ°•z Ó,!Âô ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– àîï˛ˆÏsfÓ˚ ü)ˆÏ° Ü%˛ë˛yÓ˚yâyï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ «˛üï˛y
ˆÜ˛w#û)˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ. •zˆÏFåÈüˆÏï˛y !ÓˆÏÓ˚yô#ÈÙÈ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y!°ï˛ Ó˚yçƒ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ˆû˛ˆÏä
ò°Óò° â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ Óy ïÑ˛yˆÏÓòyÓ˚ àë˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ¢%ô% ï˛y•z öÎ˚ñ
ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyò# ¢!=˛Ó˚ §ˆÏAà xy˛õ§ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §¡õò °%ê˛ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛õÌ
á%ˆÏ° !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– üˆÏö Ó˚yáy ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçöñ öÎ˚y í˛zòyÓ˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛Ó˚ °%ˆÏë˛Ó˚y ÓƒÓfiÌyÓ˚
û˛à#Ó˚ÌÄ Ü˛ÇˆÏ@ˇÃˆÏ§Ó˚ ≤Ãy=˛ö ≤Ãôyöüsf# í˛. üöˆÏüy•ö !§Ç– !öˆÏçÓ˚ Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛
xy!ô˛õï˛ƒ !ÓhflÏyÓ˚ Ä òˆÏ°Ó˚ xû˛ƒhsˇˆÏÓ˚ ò,ì˛¸ §üÌ≈ܲ ˆày¤˛# ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚y ~ÓÇ
Óyü˛õrÌ#ˆÏòÓ˚ ã˛yˆÏ˛õ ÓƒyAܲ !Óüy ܲÎ˚°yá!ö çyï˛#Î˚ܲÓ˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö •z!®Ó˚y
ày!rô– ˆ§•z§Ó çyï˛#Î˚ §¡õò !Ó!Ü ˛Ó˚ §)ã˛öyÄ Ü˛ÇˆÏ@ˇÃ§ xyüˆÏ°•z– öÎ˚y xÌ≈ö#!ï˛Ó˚
ˆflÀyï˛ˆÏÓˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛ˆÏwÓ˚ «˛üï˛yÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ !ÓˆÏç!˛õ– àï˛ §yï˛ÈÙÈxyê˛ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ !ÓˆÏç!˛õ
Ü˛ÇˆÏ@ˇÃˆÏ§Ó˚ ˆüÓ˚%ò[˛ xˆÏöܲê˛y•z ò%Ó≈° ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~ܲ•z §ˆÏAà ò%Ó˚hsˇ
à!ï˛ˆÏï˛ çyï˛#Î˚ §¡õˆÏòÓ˚ §Ó!ܲå%È !Ó!Ü ˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ~ܲ
˛õòˆÏ«˛˛õ @ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ÓƒyAܲ !Óüy ܲÎ˚°yá!öñ ˆê˛!°Ü˛!üí˛z!öˆÏܲ¢ö !¢“ñ
!Óüyö Ä ˆÓ˚° ˛õ!Ó˚Ó•ˆÏîÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈ §¡õò˛ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •yˆÏï˛ ï%˛ˆÏ°
ˆòÄÎ˚y ¢%Ó˚% •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !ÓˆÏò!¢ ˛õ%Ñ!ç !Ó!öˆÏÎ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ çöƒ §ühflÏ Ó˚ܲü Ó˚«˛yܲÓç
§ü)ˆÏ° í˛zͲõyê˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏFåÈ–
çyï˛#Î˚ ü%!=˛ xyˆÏ®y°ˆÏö !ÓˆÏç!˛õÓ˚ ˛õ)Ó≈§)!Ó˚Óẙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy!òö xÇ¢@ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚!öñ
ÓÓ˚Ç ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÓ¢ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲçö ≤ÃÓ=˛y Ä ï˛y!_¥Ü˛ ˆöï˛y !Ó !ê˛¢ Ó˚yˆÏçÓ˚ xö%ã˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
û)˛!üܲyÎ˚ !åÈ°ñ ˆÜ˛í˛z ˆÜ˛í˛z ü%ã˛ˆÏ°Ü˛y !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆç°ü%=˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö– ï˛y•z fl∫yô#öï˛y
§Ç@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ◊ÂôyˆÏÓyô ˆö•zñ ˆö•z ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy òyÎ˚Ä–
!mï˛#Î˚ÓyÓ˚ ≤Ãôyöüsf# !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ öˆÏÓ˚w ˆüyò# §Ç§ˆÏò ≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ §üÎ˚
§Ç!ÓôyˆÏöÓ˚ §yüˆÏö öï˛çyö% •ˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ãîyü ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰöñ !ܲv ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆöï,˛ˆÏc•z ~áö
§Ç!Óôyö ôùǧ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ï˛Í˛õÓ˚ï˛y ï˛#Ó à!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– §Ç§ˆÏòÓ˚ Óyò° x!ôˆÏÓ¢ö
ܲyÎ≈ï˛ ˛õ[˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà°ñ ≤Ã!ï˛!òö !ÓˆÏÓ˚yô#ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò Ä !ӈϫ˛yû˛ xç%•yï˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚– !ÓˆÏÓẙô#Óẙ òy!Ó Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰöñ •zçÓẙ•ẑ Ï°Ó˚ §ÇfiÌyÓ˚ ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ öçÓ˚òy!Ó˚Ó˚
≤ÃÎ%!=˛ Úˆ˛õày§y§Û û˛yÓ˚ï˛ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ !ܲˆÏöˆÏåÈ !ܲöy ï˛y xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
!ÓˆÏÓ˚yô# òˆÏ°Ó˚ ˆöï˛yñ !Ó!¢T˛çöñ ~üö!ܲ !öˆÏçÓ˚ òˆÏ°Ó˚ !ÓˆÏÓ˚yô# ܲZ˛ hflÏkô
ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ Úˆ˛õày§y§Û ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ÓˆÏ° x!û˛ˆÏÎyà– Ó•% ˆöï˛y
üsf# ò#â≈!òö xy!í˛¸˛õyï˛y Ä öçÓ˚òy!Ó˚Ó˚ x!û˛ˆÏÎyà ï%˛°!åȈϰö– öyà!Ó˚ܲ x!ôܲyÓ˚
Ä Óƒ!=˛fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ˆÏí˛¸ ˆöÄÎ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ~!ê˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ ¢y!öï˛
xflf– fl∫û˛yÓï˛•z ˆò¢ ç%ˆÏí˛¸ ˛≤Ã!ï˛Óyò í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏåÈñ ÎyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ú˛°ö !åÈ° §Ç§ˆÏò
§yǧòˆÏòÓ˚ ܲˆÏZ˛– üyÓ˚yüy!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ üy¢≈y° ˆí˛ˆÏܲ Ó!•‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ xã˛° §Ç§ˆÏò
xyˆÏ°yã˛öy åÈyí˛¸y•z ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ~ܲ !Ó° xö%ˆÏüyòö ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ï˛yÓ˚y–
ˆò¢ˆÏoy•#ï˛yÓ˚ xy•zö ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà ܲˆÏÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò# ܲZ˛ òüö ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏFåÈñ ˆ°áܲ !¢“#
ܲ!Ó Ó%!Âôç#Ó# Ä fl∫yô#öˆÏã˛ï˛y §yÇÓy!òܲˆÏòÓ˚ !Óöy !Óã˛yˆÏÓ˚ xyê˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ û˛Î˚
ˆòáyˆÏöy •ˆÏFåÈ– xyòy°ï˛ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ §ï˛Ü≈˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°Ä §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ˆÓ˛õˆÏÓ˚yÎ˚y üˆÏöyû˛yÓ
!öˆÏÎ˚ ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– ã˛!Õ‘¢ ¢ï˛yLjϢÓ˚Ä Ü˛ü ˆû˛yê˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ §Ç§ò#Î˚ ÓƒÓfiÌy ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ܲyÎ≈ï˛ ~ܲöyÎ˚ܲï˛sf ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ !ÓˆÏç!˛õ– fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ 74
ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ §Ç!ÓôyˆÏöÓ˚ ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ !û˛!_ÈÙÈ•z ¢y§ˆÏܲÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛ xyÜ ˛yhsˇ– ˆò¢ç%ˆÏí˛¸
§y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ òyAày•yAàyüy xy•zöÈÙÈxyòy°ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ≤ÃyAàˆÏî Ü ˛üyàï˛ •hflψϫ˛˛õ Ä
Úxö%àï˛Û !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÈÏã˛T˛yñ «˛üï˛yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛w#û˛Óö Ó˚yˆÏçƒ Ó˚yˆÏçƒ !ÓˆÏÓ˚yô Ä
˜Ó£Ïüƒ §,!T˛ñ ôü≈!öÓ˚ˆÏ˛õ«˛ï˛y í˛zˆÏ˛õ«˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎÔö ˆÜ˛ˆÏ°Aܲy!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ç!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚
!Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ˆÏܲ !òˆÏÎ˚ Óẙüü!®Ó˚ !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ xy•z!ö˛õÌ ≤Ûï˛Ü˛Ó˚îñ °«˛ °«˛ Ü,˛£ÏˆÏܲÓ˚
òy!Ó áy!Ó˚ç ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ü,˛!£Ï!Ó° xy•zˆÏö ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ Ü˛Ó˚yñ ~ÓÇ §ˆÏÓ≈y˛õ!Ó˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ˆÏï˛
§ÇflÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ öyˆÏü °%ˆÏë˛Ó˚ Ó˚yçc ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yÓ˚ üôƒÓ!ï≈˛ï˛yÎ˚ ¢y§Ü˛ò°ñ ≤ây§ö ï˛Ìy
§Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ˜fl∫Ó˚yã˛yÓ˚# Ä xàîï˛y!sfܲ ~ÓÇ xüyö!Óܲ Ó˚)ˆÏ˛õ xyd≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ–
~•z ˆ≤ë˛y˛õˆÏê˛ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ Úfl∫yô#öï˛y 75ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xy•ùyö– !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆòáy ~ÓÇ
öï%˛ö û˛yÓöyÓ˚ §ˆÏAà ç#ÓöÈÙÈx!û˛K˛ï˛y !ü!°ˆÏÎ˚ ˆöÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ~•z §%ˆÏÎyà ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚
ܲÓ˚y çÓ˚%!Ó˚– ¢%ô% ˆï˛Ó˚Aày é˛yu˛y í˛zˆÏ_y°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ òy!Î˚c ˆ¢£Ï üˆÏö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°
§yüˆÏöÓ˚ !òö xyÓ˚Ä !Ó˛õIöܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ !≤ÃÎ˚ fl∫yô#öï˛yñ Óƒ!=˛ Ä
öyà!Ó˚ܲ x!ôܲyÓ˚ñ àîï˛sf ~ÓÇ ôü≈!öÓ˚ˆÏ˛õ«˛ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y §ühflÏ à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈ x!ôܲyÓ˚
Ä xç≈ö !Ó˛õߨñ Ó˚%@¿ ~ÓÇ ç#î≈ ˆÌˆÏܲ ç#î≈ï˛Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏÓ–