Råstofaktiviteter og natur - og miljøhensyn i Grønland

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10 toqqaanikkut, taamaattoq akunnequtsiussamik kaajallanneqarsimassalluni, uumasut pineqartut akornusersuisunit qanoq sunnertiatigissusiat apeqqutaatillugu annertussuseqartussamik. Akunnequtsiussap taassuma illersoniakkap qiterisaa akornuserneqarnaveersaartissavaa. Taamaattut – tassa ’hot-spots’ + akunnequtsiussaq – iluani aatsitassanik ikummatissanillu ingerlatsinissaq killilersugaassaaq aammalu piffissani uumasut pineqartut sanngiinneruffigissaanni unitsilluinnarneqarsinnaalluni. Tunumi Tunullu Avannaani Nunami Allanngutsaaliukkami aatsitassanik ikummatissanillu ingerlatsinissamut periarfissaqartitsisoqarnera nunani tamalaani pissusiusunut atatillugu qaqutigoortuuvoq. Nuna tamanna aamma nunap qaani imermilu assigiinngitsunik uumasoqarfittut toqqagaavoq, taamaattunilu aatsitassanik ikummatissanillu ingerlatsinerit pisortanit nakkutilliinikkut ingerlatsivissatut aggorlugit immikkoortitat pingasuusut ilaanni marlunni ajornartinneqanngilaq. Nunami Allanngutsaaliukkami suli taamatut agguilluni immikkoortiterisoqanngilaq. Nunami Allanngutsaaliukkami pinngortitamik illersuiniutit marluusut imminnut assortuupput, aamma Nunap Allanngutsaaliukkap taamatut nunanik allanngutsaaliunermik oqartarnermut (nunami namminermi nunanilu tamalaani paasineqartarneranut) sanilliullugu, aamma nunap qaani imermilu uumasoqarfiusutut eriagisassanik toqqaasarnermut sanilliullugu qanoq inissisimanerata paasineqarnissaa pisariaqarpoq. Naalakkersuit iliuusissanut pilersaarusiamik nutaamik 2004-mi novembarimi aalajangiussaqarput nunap qaani imermilu uumasoqarfiup atuulluarsinnaanissaanik angusaqarniutissamik, tassunga ilaalluni nunap immikkoortunut (iliuusissanut pilersaarummi ”pisortat ingerlatsivigissaat”-nik taaneqartunut) agguataarneqarnissaa. Tassani nassuiaataasut aatsitassanik ikummatissanillu ingerlatsinerit ’hotspot’-it periaatsit tunngavigalugit pisortanit ingerlatsiviunissaannut siunnersuusiortoqarpoq, siunnersuullu taanna Nunap Allanngutsaaliukkap assigiinngitsutigut ineriartortinnissaanut pilersaarusiat nalilersorneqarumaarnissaanni ilanngunneqarsinnaavoq. 1.3 English summary This report describes the potential conflicts between nature and environmental conservation interests and the field activities of petroleum and minerals projects in Greenland. It gives an overview of these conflicts and how they can be solved in a way that may satisfy both sides of the conflict. The background is the general political agreement that development of petroleum and mineral resources shall be a vital part of Greenland economy and that it shall be carried out in a responsible way related to health, safety and environment. Nature conservation and environmental regulation in relation to petroleum and mineral activities Greenland are regulated by the Minerals Act.
The relevant paragraphs of this act are in general in agreement with the two Greenlandic acts regarding nature conservation and environment regulation. According the Nature Conservation Act twelve areas in Greenland are protected, thirteen areas are designated as seabird breeding sanctuaries and activities are regulated near and at seabird breeding colonies in the breeding season. The largest of the nature conservation areas is the National Park of North and East Greenland. Generally, activities related to mineral and petroleum exploration and exploitation are allowed in the nature protected areas and regarding nature and environment protection measures they are regulated by the Minerals Act. Two of these protected areas are also protected by international agreements: The National Park is an UNESCO Man & Biosphere Reserve and the Ilulissat Icefjord is an UNESCO World Heritage Site. Further eleven areas are designated according to the Ramsar-convention, although not yet implemented in the national legislation. Greenland or Denmark (on behalf of Greenland) has ratified international conventions regarding environmental issues: Kyoto, MARPOL, OSPAR, London are the most important. The regulations according to these conventions are more or less implemented in national Greenland legislation and in the approval procedures maintained by the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum of the Greenland Home Rule (guidelines, regulations, standard terms, model licences etc.) Conflicts with petroleum and mineral activities depend naturally of extent and duration. In general, impacts on nature and environment from prospecting and exploration activities will be of temporary and reversible character, and can be mitigated by strict regulation based on thorough biological background knowledge from the area in focus. Exploitation activities will usually give much more persistent conflicts with nature and environmental conservation interest. Impacts on animal population level or on biodiversity may be the result and they have the potential to be of a irreversible kind. However, depending of the type of the activity, impacts may be localised to limited areas. Many of these conflicts may be minimised to acceptable levels by careful authority regulation. Impacts from exploitation activities depend on the extend. For example will the impacts on nature and environment from a small gold mine – like Nalunaq in South Greenland, recently opened – be limited and rather simple, while impact from a large oil field have the potential to be much more complicated, extensive and cumulative. The most serious conflicts will arise if a large marine oilspill reach the Greenland coast. Impacts have the potential to be long-lasting and may affect even on ecosystem-level. Oilspill impacts are difficult to mitigate and combat, when the accident has occurred. It is therefore very important to reduce the risk of oilspills for example by the Health-Safety-Environment-efforts of the companies. 11
Page 1 and 2: Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser Milj
Page 3 and 4: Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser Milj
Page 5 and 6: Indhold 1 Sammenfatning/ Eqikkaaneq
Page 7 and 8: 1 Sammenfatning/ Eqikkaaneq/Summary
Page 9 and 10: åder (’hot-spots’), som omgive
Page 11: pisortat akuersissuteqarnerminni an
Page 15 and 16: 2 Indledning Denne rapport er udarb
Page 17 and 18: Mineaffald Både gråbjerg (materia
Page 19 and 20: 3 Lovgivning og internationale regl
Page 21 and 22: • anvendelse af køretøjer, entr
Page 23 and 24: om der har været aktiviteter i omr
Page 25 and 26: HSE betingede spild af brændstof o
Page 27 and 28: HSE Påbud Skibstransport Modeltill
Page 29 and 30: IUCN’s fredningskategorier 3.2.1
Page 31 and 32: Box 1. IUCN’s kategorier af frede
Page 33 and 34: Figur 1 Områder fredet af national
Page 35 and 36: Figur 3 Fredede områder samt områ
Page 37 and 38: Figur 5 Fredede områder i det nord
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.2 Miljøloven Der er i Grønlan
Page 41 and 42: Kerneområder VI er mulige ( se Box
Page 43 and 44: Bestemmelser med relation til råst
Page 45 and 46: anerkendte metoder og niveauer i na
Page 47 and 48: Undtagelser Gennemgående kilder 4
Page 49 and 50: • kemisk forurening fra bearbejdn
Page 51 and 52: Boring på land Boring til havs Oli
Page 53 and 54: • tiltrækning af rovdyr (ravne,
Page 55 and 56: Midlertidige aktiviteter Vedvarende
Page 57 and 58: Forebyggelse af effekter fra vedvar
Page 59 and 60: Habituering 5.1.2.1 Forebyggelse af
Page 61 and 62: Spærring af vandreruter Lokalisere
Page 63 and 64:
3). Kun under særlige uheldige oms
Page 65 and 66:
Udledninger 6 Løsning af konflikte
Page 67 and 68:
Produktionsvand Kroniske olieudslip
Page 69 and 70:
eller i samspil med udledninger fra
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7 Løsning af konflikter mellem oli
Page 73 and 74:
8 Samlet vurdering af konflikter og
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Udvinding Kroniske olieudslip Olies
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Ramsaromåder Baggrundsviden Livscy
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Box 3. Naturbeskyttelse på Svalbar
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’Vigtige biologiske områder’ B
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Box 4. Biologiske beskyttelsesinter
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udføres i overgangszonerne og til
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0 10 km Danmarkshavn Figur 8. Udsni
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Tabel 7 Oversigt over undersøgelse
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Der er desuden foretaget en lang r
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af PAH’er i det grønlandske milj
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Dietz, R., Teilmann, J., Jørgensen
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Mosbech, A., Dietz, R., Boertmann,
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Weise, F.K., Robertson, G.J., Gasto
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27). DMU’s miljøatlas: http://ww
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Godhavn Distrikt Perdlertut i Nordf
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Faglige rapporter fra DMU/NERI Tech
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Råstofaktiviteter og natur - og miljøhensyn i Grønland

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