Ph.d.-afhandling - Arkitektskolen Aarhus

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distribution. The face stimuli were masked to remove hair and were adjusted to be of equal size and luminance by using <strong>Ph</strong>otoshop (version 7.0, Adobe, USA). The faces were centered in a 588x600 pixel black background and presented at a screen resolution of 1024x768 pixels. Experimental paradigm The experimental protocol consisted of an event-related design in which subjects were scanned while being presented with each of the 168 face stimuli and the 168 building stimuli in a pseudorandom order, making a total of 336 presentations. On each trial, a fixation cross was presented for 1000ms on a grey background followed by a stimuli presentation for 3000ms. Subjects were instructed, within the 3000 ms stimuli duration, to press one of five buttons on a response key-pad with their right hand to indicate their aesthetic judgment (1; very unappealing – 5; very appealing). Randomly interspersed with the stimuli presentations were 56 null event trials. Total scanning-time per subject was 26 min. in one session. Prior to scanning, subjects were informed that the study was concerned with investigating aesthetic judgments and subjects were instructed to declare their immediate aesthetic judgment by pressing the key- pad button corresponding to the value relevant on the 1-5 judgment scale, but no reference was made to the experimental aims. It was impressed on the subjects that they should only concern themselves with their immediate, subjective response to the pictures. After the scanning task was complete, subjects were, outside the scanner, presented with the building stimuli again, and asked to report any stimulus known beforehand to the subject, in order to rule out any potential effect of familiarity. Stimuli were presented and responses collected using E-prime (Psychology Software Tools, Inc.). The stimuli were back-projected via an LCD projector onto a transparent screen positioned over the subjects’ head and viewed through a tilted mirror fixed to the head coil. fMRI Data Acquisition The functional imaging was conducted by using a 3 Tesla scanner (Siemens, Magnetom Trio, Erlangen, Germany) to acquire gradient T2* weighted echo planar images (EPI) to maximize the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) 190
contrast (TE, 30ms; TR, 2400ms). The EPI sequence was optimized in order to reduce signal drop-out in OFC [1]. Each functional image was acquired in an interleaved way beginning with 2 nd slice (slice no. 2,4…40, 1,3…39) when counted from the bottom slice comprising 40 axial slices each 3.0mm thick, consisting of 64x64 voxels with an in-plane resolution of 3x3mm. This gave near whole-brain coverage, excluding the cerebellum. Each session consisted of 654 volumes. After the functional scan, a T1 weighted MPRAGE structural sequence was acquired, using a phased array head coil to provide high- resolution anatomical detail. The subjects’ pulse and respiration were recorded using an MRI-compatible pulse oximeter, and a respiration belt, both sampled at 50 Hz. fMRI Data Analysis Image pre-processing and data analysis was performed using SPM2 (Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK). The EPI images were realigned spatially [2]. This was followed by temporal realignment, which corrected for slice-time differences using the middle slice as reference slice. Images were then normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template provided in SPM2 [3]. Finally a spatial filtering was performed by applying a Gaussian smoothing kernel of 8mm FWHM (full width at half- maximum). Following pre-processing a general linear model was applied to the time course of activation where the middle stimulus time was modeled as single impulse response functions and then convolved with the canonical haemodynamic response function (HRF) including its temporal and dispersion derivatives in order to capture small variations in the onset and width of the BOLD responses. A parametric regression analysis was used (see [4]) that allowed us to model linear and nonlinear haemodynamic responses using orthogonalized polynomial expansion functions. This was performed for each of the two stimulus conditions using subject-specific aesthetic judgments in order to model a potential parametric modulation of aesthetic judgments. First-level analysis was performed on each subject to generate a single mean parameter 191
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A R K I T E K T O N I S K K V A L I
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I N D H O L D FORDORD 1. INDLEDNING
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2.5 ’Arkitektonisk kvalitet’ i
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3.4 Opsummering og hypotese 127 3.5
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mulighedsbetingelser overhovedet fo
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1 . I N D L E D N I N G 1.1 Tematis
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Balthasar Gracián, ”uden forstan
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Hvilke metodologiske udgangspunkter
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1.1.1 Indbygget kvalitet - indbygge
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Men hvad er det så, der er på spi
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(muligvis hvor definitionsmagt elle
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virksomhedsområde, eller kan den r
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Og i den sammenhæng er det, som de
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Paradoksalt har statsministeren, de
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1.2.2 Metodologiske overvejelser og
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i et sociologisk perspektiv - og me
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komplementere eller supplere den ek
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2 . A R K I T E K T O N I S K K V A
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2.1.1 ’Arkitektonisk kvalitet’
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Konsekvensen af ovenstående er, at
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aktørernes positionelle og institu
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”§ 1. Foreningen har til Formaal
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latinske former qualia allerede i f
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egenskaber, men til oplevelsesmæss
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Finkulturen, med sin almene ambitio
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... Hvor står det skrevet, at ford
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og hvilken funktion udtrykket ’ar
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upopulære dele af 60’ernes og 70
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Ikke desto mindre syntes de fire op
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I publikationens første kapitel me
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”Den afvejede koordinering af æs
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oligbebyggelser - vejledning for by
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sproget er renset for egentlig æst
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Fogh Rasmussen i sin første nytår
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”Regeringen ønsker, at der sætt
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Hertil svarede daværende by- og bo
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2.6.2 ’Arkitektonisk kvalitet’
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I lokalplanen præsenteres altså b
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udstykkes til parcelhusbyggeri, del
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”Mens det førstnævnte område f
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drikke offentlige steder”, og det
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Man var formentlig også motiveret
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formålet med Byggeloven; som beteg
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IV) Alligevel er ’æstetik’ og
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etydningsmæssige funktioner, udtry
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2.8.2 Lévi-Strauss: flydende beteg
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efolkningsgrupper i bestemte, norma
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eller kan logge sig på dettes alle
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status, ved hvilken det blev gængs
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er snarere tale om tendentiel glidn
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omkring arkitektur og arkitektstand
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kompetence, der ikke lader sig redu
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eller etablere en fortolkning af, h
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ygningskunst, selvom der i de givne
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At de ovenfor påpegede modsætning
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Der findes langt tidligere, men min
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fx adfærdsmæssige 39 , og at neur
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af ellers uattenderede og automatis
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og litteratur, der har dannet grund
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Tilsvarende kunne det hypotetisk t
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og hvordan sproglige prædikater i
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3.2.5 Mulige ekspertisemæssige imp
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Disse, i dobbelt forstand, smagsfun
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elevant at undersøge. For det ande
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vist i 3 sekunder 46 , ved at trykk
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A1 N1 A2 132
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A4 N4 A5 134
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ikke det andet. Vi har derfor valgt
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indhentet fra alle deltagende, og s
Page 140 and 141: Stimulipræsentation og responsregi
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Page 144 and 145: Lineært parametriske aktiveringer
Page 146 and 147: Samlet set demonstrerer dette studi
Page 148 and 149: 1.1.4 ovenfor) om at der måske fin
Page 150 and 151: Hvordan og hvornår (i arkitektudda
Page 152 and 153: 4 . R E S U M E O G D I S K U S S I
Page 154 and 155: i relation til divergerende arkitek
Page 156 and 157: Forud for præsentationen af dette
Page 158 and 159: eller mindre latent som legitimerin
Page 160 and 161: kvalitetsbegreb og en faglig evalua
Page 162 and 163: The second perspective mentioned ab
Page 164 and 165: normative dissociations that are id
Page 166 and 167: should encompass” (Thau, 1994, p6
Page 168 and 169: already intended and partially acco
Page 170 and 171: L I T T E R A T U R Aguirre, Geoffr
Page 172 and 173: Elliott, Rebecca, Raymond J. Dolan,
Page 174 and 175: Henson, Richard, 2005: “What can
Page 176 and 177: Levy, Ifat, Uri Hasson, Galia Avida
Page 178 and 179: Sestoft, Jørgen, 1979: ”1879-190
Page 180 and 181: years of playing, react neurally di
Page 182 and 183: FIG 2. The figure shows areas that
Page 184 and 185: positive nonlinear response profile
Page 186 and 187: egions within the ventral striatum
Page 188 and 189: corrected-to-normal vision, and non
Page 192 and 193: corresponding to each term of the p
Page 194 and 195: control stimuli (i.e. faces) were s
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Ph.d.-afhandling - Arkitektskolen Aarhus

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