10.07.2015 Aufrufe

Peter Auer Gesellschaftliche Mehrsprachigkeit in Europa Übersicht ...

Peter Auer Gesellschaftliche Mehrsprachigkeit in Europa Übersicht ...

Peter Auer Gesellschaftliche Mehrsprachigkeit in Europa Übersicht ...

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Local-only (Standardsprache <strong>in</strong> e<strong>in</strong>em anderen Gebiet)Hier s<strong>in</strong>d e<strong>in</strong>ige Beispiele (aus Edwards 2007), die zugleich demonstrieren, wie diese Kriterien nicht nur aufauthochtone, sondern auch auf allochthone M<strong>in</strong>derheiten angewendet werden können:______________________________________________________________________________________TYPE INDIGENOUS MINORITIES IMMIGRANTMINORITIES______________________________________________________________________________________1. Unique Sard<strong>in</strong>ian (Sard<strong>in</strong>ia); Dialect communities oftenCohesive Welsh (Wales); religiously organised) <strong>in</strong>Friulian (Friuli-Venezia-Giulia) which the variety is nowdivergent from that <strong>in</strong> theregion of orig<strong>in</strong> (e.g.,Pennsylvania ‘Dutch’)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Unique Cornish (Cornwall) As above, but whereNon-cohesivespeakers are scattered---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Non-unique Occitan (Piedmont and Liguria, Enclaves of immigrantsAdjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong> France); found <strong>in</strong> neighbour<strong>in</strong>gCohesive Basque (France, and <strong>in</strong> Spa<strong>in</strong>); statesCatalan (Spa<strong>in</strong>, and <strong>in</strong> Andorra)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Non-unique Saami (F<strong>in</strong>land, Norway, Sweden Scattered immigrants <strong>in</strong>Adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and Russia) neighbour<strong>in</strong>g statesNon-cohesive--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Non-unique Catalan (Spa<strong>in</strong>, and <strong>in</strong> Sard<strong>in</strong>ia) Welsh (Patagonia);Non-adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gGaelic (Nova Scotia)Cohesive---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Non-unique Romany (throughout Europe) Scattered immigrants ofNon-adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gEuropean orig<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> ‘new-Non-cohesiveworld’ receiv<strong>in</strong>g countries---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Local-only French (Valle d’Aosta, and <strong>in</strong> French (<strong>in</strong> New EnglandAdjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g France) town enclaves);CohesiveSpanish (southwest USA);Italian gastarbeiter (<strong>in</strong>Switzerland)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Local-only German (Piedmont, and <strong>in</strong> French (scatteredAdjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Switzerland) throughout New England)Non-cohesive---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. Local-only French (Apulia, and <strong>in</strong> France) Immigrant enclaves <strong>in</strong>Non-adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g‘new world’ countriesCohesive---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Local-only Albanian (throughout the As above, but whereNon-adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Mezzogiorno, and <strong>in</strong> Albania) speakers are scatteredNon-cohesive______________________________________________________________________________________Table 1: Examples of m<strong>in</strong>ority-language situations

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