PRODUCTION Of NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR RHIZOBIUM

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�� Graham, P. H., and Parker, C. A. (1964). Diagonostic features in the characterization of the root nodule bacteria of legumes. Plant and Soil. 20: 383-395. Granse, G. F. (1934) The Struggle for Existence. New York: Dover Publications. Groleau, D., Chevaller, P., and Yuen, T. H. (1995). Production of polyols and ethanol by the osmophillic yeast Zygosacchromyces rouxii. Biotechnol. Lett. 17(3): 315-320. Hattori, K., and Suzuki, T. (1974). Large scale production of erythritol and its conversion to Dmannitol production by n-alkane-grown Candida zeylanoids. Agr. Biol. Chem. 38(6): 1203-1208. Hausner, G., Reid, J., and Klassen, G. R. (1992). Do galeate-ascospore menber of the Cephaloascaceae, Endomycetaceae, and Ophiostomataceae share a common phylogeny. Mycologia. 84: 870-881. Hecker, D., Bisping, B., and Rehm, H. J. (1990). Continuous glycerol production by the sulphite process with immobilized cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32: 627-632. Hendriks, L., Goris, A., Van de Peer, Y., Neefs, J. M., Vancamneyt, M., Kersyter, K., Berny, J. F., Hennebert, G. L., and De Wachter, R. (1992). Phylogenetic relatinships among ascomycetes and ascomycete-like yeasts as deduced from small ribosomal subunit RAN sequence. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 15: 98-104. Hendrinksen, H. V., Mathiasen, T. E., Frisvad, J. C., and Embory, C. (1988). Production of mannitol by Penicillium strains. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 43: 223-228. Ikawa, T., Watanabe, T., and Nisizawa, K. (1972). Enzymes involved in the last steps of the biosynthesis of mannitol in brown algae. Plant Cell Physiol. 13: 1017-1029. Irigoyen, J. J., Diaz, M. S., and Emerich, E. W. (1990). Cabon metabolism enzymes of Rhizobium meliloti cultures and bacteroids and their distribution within Alfalfa nodules. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56(8): 2587-2589. Jackson, E. A. (1976). Brazil’s national alcohol programme. Process Biochem. 11(6): 29-30. Jarl, K. (1969). Production of microbial food low-cost starch material and purification of industry’s waste starch effluents through the symba yeast process. Food Technol. 23: 1009-1012.
�� Jennings, D. H. (1995). The Physiology of Fungal Nutrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Johansson, M., and Sjostrom, J. E. (1984). Ethanol and glycerol production under aerobic conditions by wild-type, respiratory-deficient mutants and a fusion product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20: 105-110. Jork, H., Funk, W., Fischer, W., and Wimner, H. (1990). Thin-Layer Chromatography. New York : VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Kajiwara, Y., Orawa, K., Takashita H., and Omori T. (2000). Enhanced glycerol production in Shochu yeast by heat-shock treatment is due to prolonged transcription of GPD1. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 90(1): 121-123. Kalle, G. P., and Naik, S. C. (1987). Effect of controlled aeration on glycerol production in a sulphite process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 29: 1173-1175. Kalle, G. P. Naik, S. C., and Lashkari, B. Z. (1985). Improved glycerol production from cane molasses by the sulfite process with vacumn or continuous carbon dioxide sparging during fermentation. J. ferment. Technol. 63(3): 231-237. Katznelson, H. (1955). Nature. 175: 551-552. Quoted in M. D. Stowers. (1985). Carbon metabolism in Rhizobium species. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 39: 89-108. Katznelson, H., Zagallo, A. C. (1957). Can. J. Microbiol. 3: 879-884. Quoted in M. D. Stowers. (1985). Carbon metabolism in Rhizobium species. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 39: 89-108. Kearsley, M. W., and Dziedzic, S. Z. (1995). Handbook of Starch Hydrolysis Products and Their Derivatives. New York: Blackie Academic & Professional. Kenkel, J. (1994). Analytical Chemistry for Technicians (2 nd Ed.). London: Lewis Publishers. Kockova-kratochviloca, A. (1990). Yeasts and Yeast-like Organisms. Wemheim, Federal Republic of German. New York: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Kornman, K. S., and Loesohe, W. J. (1976). Production of mannitol by Streptococcus mutans. Archs. Biol. 21: 551-553. Kreger-van Rig, N. J. W. (1984a). A Taxonomic Study. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Quoted in H. Verachtert. and Mot, R. D. (1990). Yeast: Biotechnology and Biocatalysis. New York: Marcel Dekker.
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PRODUCTION OF NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR
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PRODUCTION OF NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR
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CHARDCHAI BUROM : PRODUCTION OF NUT
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CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT (THAI)……
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3.6.1� Determination of the suita
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�� 17� Glycerol concent
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40� Time courses of mannitol prod
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59� Effects of various heat shock
Page 17 and 18:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page ��
Page 19 and 20:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Aw water avai
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION For mass cul
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available (Burton, 1965). The molec
Page 25 and 26:
1.1.1� Carbon metabolism in Rhizo
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strains unable to use the carbon so
Page 29 and 30:
Figure 2. The fructose bisphosphate
Page 31 and 32:
1.2�Classification of yeasts Mank
Page 33 and 34:
Table 3. (continued). Class Order F
Page 35 and 36:
Ustilaginales (Oberwinkler, 1987).
Page 37 and 38:
f Cystofilobasidium has thick-walle
Page 39 and 40:
Table 5. (continued). Sugar alcohol
Page 41 and 42:
specific cases, but Brown (1978) pr
Page 43 and 44:
KY 6166 was also studied using larg
Page 45 and 46:
Figure 5. Important pathways of gly
Page 47 and 48:
may be present in different ratios.
Page 49 and 50:
amylase systems of the yeast specie
Page 51 and 52:
Table 7. (continued). EC Recommende
Page 53 and 54:
Table 8. (continued). Species a D.p
Page 55 and 56:
Table 9. (continued). Cell product
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2.1.3 Equipment and other materials
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Spotted either the supernatant of c
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amylase action, the actual reaction
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A) Determination of the suitable an
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B) Salt-stress conditions Fifty mil
Page 67 and 68:
2.2.8 Cultivation of Bradyrhizobium
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The cultured medium of yeast. Quant
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intervals for accumulation of gas i
Page 73 and 74:
CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Glycerol Xylitol Glucose Mannitol S
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Glycerol Xylitol Glucose Mannitol S
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Table 10. Primary screening of glyc
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Table 10. (continued). No. Isolate
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Glycerol in cell lysate (g/l) A Gly
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average were 4-10 g of glycerol per
Page 87 and 88:
were isolated from fresh fruits, Ma
Page 89 and 90:
�third day of incubation (Figure
Page 91 and 92:
Reducing sugars (g/l) Reducing suga
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These results indicated that the co
Page 95 and 96:
3.6.1 Determination of the suitable
Page 97 and 98:
g/l 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
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Reducing sugars (g/l) 8 6 4 2 0 0 1
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Reducing sugars (g/l) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2
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g/l 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
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g/l g/l g/l 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.2 1.0
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Starch fermentation was conducted i
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g/l g/l 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8 6 4 2 0 0
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g/l g/l 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4
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g/l g/l 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 1 2
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g/l g/l 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
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g/l g/l 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
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The results showed that amounts var
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g/l g/l 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
Page 123 and 124: �� fermentation, but the inc
Page 125 and 126: g/l g/l 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 3.2
Page 127 and 128: g/l g/l 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Page 129 and 130: �� intracellularly a decreas
Page 131 and 132: g/l g/l 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2.5
Page 133 and 134: g/l g/l 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6
Page 135 and 136: g/L 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
Page 137 and 138: g/l 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Page 139 and 140: �� effected by heat shock po
Page 141 and 142: Table 15. The comparison of media f
Page 143 and 144: Table 17. Growth of Bradyrhizobium
Page 145 and 146: �� Rhizobium (Stowers, 1985;
Page 147 and 148: �� 3.9 Identification of yea
Page 149 and 150: KAY1 PIY2 PUY4 Y69 LIY2 COY1 FAY2 C
Page 151 and 152: �� assimilations were observ
Page 153 and 154: Table 20. (continued). Yeast strain
Page 155 and 156: Table 20. (continued). 15. Pichia k
Page 157 and 158: �� 3.9.5 Ascospore formation
Page 159 and 160: (a) (b) (c ) (d) (e) �� Figu
Page 161 and 162: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) �� F
Page 163 and 164: (c) (a) �� Figure 72. Cell m
Page 165 and 166: �� Metshnikowia (Pitt and Mi
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION This study ex
Page 169 and 170: only a low capital investment. Ther
Page 171 and 172: �� Barnett, J. A., Payne, R.
Page 173: �� De Mot, R., and Verachter
Page 177 and 178: �� Lie, T. A., Muilenbury M.
Page 179 and 180: �� Onishi, H., and Suzuki, T
Page 181 and 182: �� Sinclair, N. A., and Stok
Page 183 and 184: �� Van Rossum, D., Schuurman
Page 185 and 186: �� Young, J. P. W., and Hauk
Page 187 and 188: Acetone Methanol Solvent for mobile
Page 189 and 190: � 300 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, and 100
Page 191 and 192: Soluble Starch 20.0 g Distilled wat
Page 193 and 194: 13.�Nitrate broth KNO 3 1.0 g Glu
Page 195 and 196: If the sample had been diluted befo
Page 197 and 198: Table 1D. (continued). Source of ye
Page 212 and 213: E. Additional figures Abs 540 nm (a
Page 214 and 215: Abs 580 nm 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.
Page 216 and 217: Figure 7E. Calibration curves for H
Page 218 and 219: Figure 9E. Example of HPLC chromato
Page 220: Cell/mL 1.0E+09 8.0E+08 6.0E+08 4.0
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PRODUCTION Of NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR RHIZOBIUM

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