PRODUCTION Of NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR RHIZOBIUM

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�� Moat, A. G., and Foster, J. W. (1995). Microbial Physiology (3 th Ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Myers, D. K., Lawlor, D. T. M., and Attfield, P. V. (1997). Influence of invertase activity and glycerol synthesis and retention on fermentation of media with a high sugar concentration by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63(1): 145-150. Nelson, G. E. N., Hohnson, D. E., and Ciegler, A. (1971). Production of D-mannitol by conidia of Aspergillus candidus. Appl. Microbiol. 22(3): 484-485. Neves, M. J., and Francois, J. (1992). On the mechanism by which a heat shock induces trehalose accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biochem. 288: 2859-2864. Nishida, H., and Sugiyama, J. (1993). Phylogenetic relationships among Taphrina, Saitoella, and other higher fungi. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10: 431-426. Nobre, M. F., and Costa, M. S. (1985a). The accumulation of polyols by the yeast Debaryomyces hensennii in response to water stress. Can. J. Microbiol. 31: 1061-1064. Nobre, M. F., and Da Costa, M. S. (1985b). Factors favouring the accumulation of arabitol in the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Can. J. Microbiol. 31: 467 - 471. Oberwinkler, F. (1987). Heterobasidiomycetes with onto genetic yeast-stages-systematic and phylogenetic aspects. In: G. S. de Hoog, M. Th. Smith and A. C. M. Weijman(Eds.), The Expanding Realm of Yeast-like Fungi. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp. 61-74 (Stud. Mycol. 30: 61-74). Omori, T., Ogawa K., Umemoto Y., Yuki K., Kajijara U., Shimoda M., and Wada H. (1996) Enhancement of glycerol production by brewing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with heat shock treatment . J. Ferment. Bioeng. 82(2): 187-190. Omori, T., Ummoto, Y., Ogawa K., Kajiwara Y., Shimoda M., and Wada H. (1997). A novel method for screening high glycerol-and ester-producing brewing yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by heat shock treatment. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 83(1): 64-69. Onishi, H., and Suzuki, T. (1968). Production of D-mannitol and glycerol by yeasts. Appl. Microbiol. 16(12): 1847-1952. Onishi, H., and Suzuki, T. (1969). Microbial production of xylitol from glucose. Appl. Microbiol. 18(6): 1031-1035.
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PRODUCTION OF NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR
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PRODUCTION OF NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR
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CHARDCHAI BUROM : PRODUCTION OF NUT
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CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT (THAI)……
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3.6.1� Determination of the suita
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�� 17� Glycerol concent
Page 13 and 14:
40� Time courses of mannitol prod
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59� Effects of various heat shock
Page 17 and 18:
LIST OF TABLES Table Page ��
Page 19 and 20:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Aw water avai
Page 21 and 22:
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION For mass cul
Page 23 and 24:
available (Burton, 1965). The molec
Page 25 and 26:
1.1.1� Carbon metabolism in Rhizo
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strains unable to use the carbon so
Page 29 and 30:
Figure 2. The fructose bisphosphate
Page 31 and 32:
1.2�Classification of yeasts Mank
Page 33 and 34:
Table 3. (continued). Class Order F
Page 35 and 36:
Ustilaginales (Oberwinkler, 1987).
Page 37 and 38:
f Cystofilobasidium has thick-walle
Page 39 and 40:
Table 5. (continued). Sugar alcohol
Page 41 and 42:
specific cases, but Brown (1978) pr
Page 43 and 44:
KY 6166 was also studied using larg
Page 45 and 46:
Figure 5. Important pathways of gly
Page 47 and 48:
may be present in different ratios.
Page 49 and 50:
amylase systems of the yeast specie
Page 51 and 52:
Table 7. (continued). EC Recommende
Page 53 and 54:
Table 8. (continued). Species a D.p
Page 55 and 56:
Table 9. (continued). Cell product
Page 57 and 58:
2.1.3 Equipment and other materials
Page 59 and 60:
Spotted either the supernatant of c
Page 61 and 62:
amylase action, the actual reaction
Page 63 and 64:
A) Determination of the suitable an
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B) Salt-stress conditions Fifty mil
Page 67 and 68:
2.2.8 Cultivation of Bradyrhizobium
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The cultured medium of yeast. Quant
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intervals for accumulation of gas i
Page 73 and 74:
CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Glycerol Xylitol Glucose Mannitol S
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Glycerol Xylitol Glucose Mannitol S
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Table 10. Primary screening of glyc
Page 81 and 82:
Table 10. (continued). No. Isolate
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Glycerol in cell lysate (g/l) A Gly
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average were 4-10 g of glycerol per
Page 87 and 88:
were isolated from fresh fruits, Ma
Page 89 and 90:
�third day of incubation (Figure
Page 91 and 92:
Reducing sugars (g/l) Reducing suga
Page 93 and 94:
These results indicated that the co
Page 95 and 96:
3.6.1 Determination of the suitable
Page 97 and 98:
g/l 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
Page 99 and 100:
Reducing sugars (g/l) 8 6 4 2 0 0 1
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Reducing sugars (g/l) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2
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g/l 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Page 105 and 106:
g/l g/l g/l 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.2 1.0
Page 107 and 108:
Starch fermentation was conducted i
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g/l g/l 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8 6 4 2 0 0
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g/l g/l 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4
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g/l g/l 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 1 2
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g/l g/l 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
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g/l g/l 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
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The results showed that amounts var
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g/l g/l 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
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�� fermentation, but the inc
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g/l g/l 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 3.2
Page 127 and 128: g/l g/l 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Page 129 and 130: �� intracellularly a decreas
Page 131 and 132: g/l g/l 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2.5
Page 133 and 134: g/l g/l 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6
Page 135 and 136: g/L 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
Page 137 and 138: g/l 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Page 139 and 140: �� effected by heat shock po
Page 141 and 142: Table 15. The comparison of media f
Page 143 and 144: Table 17. Growth of Bradyrhizobium
Page 145 and 146: �� Rhizobium (Stowers, 1985;
Page 147 and 148: �� 3.9 Identification of yea
Page 149 and 150: KAY1 PIY2 PUY4 Y69 LIY2 COY1 FAY2 C
Page 151 and 152: �� assimilations were observ
Page 153 and 154: Table 20. (continued). Yeast strain
Page 155 and 156: Table 20. (continued). 15. Pichia k
Page 157 and 158: �� 3.9.5 Ascospore formation
Page 159 and 160: (a) (b) (c ) (d) (e) �� Figu
Page 161 and 162: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) �� F
Page 163 and 164: (c) (a) �� Figure 72. Cell m
Page 165 and 166: �� Metshnikowia (Pitt and Mi
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION This study ex
Page 169 and 170: only a low capital investment. Ther
Page 171 and 172: �� Barnett, J. A., Payne, R.
Page 173 and 174: �� De Mot, R., and Verachter
Page 175 and 176: �� Jennings, D. H. (1995). T
Page 177: �� Lie, T. A., Muilenbury M.
Page 181 and 182: �� Sinclair, N. A., and Stok
Page 183 and 184: �� Van Rossum, D., Schuurman
Page 185 and 186: �� Young, J. P. W., and Hauk
Page 187 and 188: Acetone Methanol Solvent for mobile
Page 189 and 190: � 300 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, and 100
Page 191 and 192: Soluble Starch 20.0 g Distilled wat
Page 193 and 194: 13.�Nitrate broth KNO 3 1.0 g Glu
Page 195 and 196: If the sample had been diluted befo
Page 197 and 198: Table 1D. (continued). Source of ye
Page 212 and 213: E. Additional figures Abs 540 nm (a
Page 214 and 215: Abs 580 nm 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.
Page 216 and 217: Figure 7E. Calibration curves for H
Page 218 and 219: Figure 9E. Example of HPLC chromato
Page 220: Cell/mL 1.0E+09 8.0E+08 6.0E+08 4.0
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PRODUCTION Of NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR RHIZOBIUM

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