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318 AHMED ZEKJ VEL~DJ TOGAN XX of al-Ghaidi's Zbyii' 'UlGn ad-Din, (1 963) pp. VI + 78; Farld Jabre, La notion de certitude selon Ghaziili duns ses origines psychologiques et historiques (1958) pp. 476. W.M. Watt, Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al- Ghazzcili (1963) pp. VIII +215, short bibliography 203-206. A.J. Wensinck, La Pensee De Ghazzcili (1940), pp. 205; Abu'l-Hasan 'A11 Nadwi, Saviours of Islamic Spirit (1971) 112-176 (orthodox interpretation of the writings of al-Ghazzdi); Zaki MubBrek, al-Akhhiq 'ind al-Ghazcili (Cairo, n.d.) pp. 297; H. Laoust, La Politique rle Ghaziili(1971) pp. 414; Farid Jabre, Essai sur la Iexique de Ghazcili (1970) pp. XVIII+297 (studies the terminology of al-Ghazzfdi used in his principal works except the Tahcifut), pp. 147 + 52; Muhammad Ahmad Sharif, Ghazziili's Theory of Virtue (1974). See his Kit& M~akk an-Napw fi'l-Mantiq, The Touchstone of Thinking (Cairo, n.d.). The abbreviated edition of the Mustaqhiri was published with commentary by I. Goldziher (1916); Henry Corbin, EP, 111, 326-328 (bibliography not satisfactory); Richard N. Verdery, "a]-Ghazfdi" in EWB, IV, 376-378. W.M. Watt, EB, X, 387; Farid Wajdy, DM, VII, 65-68. (s) Ilkhanids (663-73611 265-1337). Igor de Rachewiltz, Papal Envoys to the Great Khiins (1971), pp. 230; Ralph Winston Fox, Chenghis Khgn (1962) pp. 178; 11-Khhs, EB (1973), XI, 1077; H.A. Hamdi, ad- Dawlat al-Khuwiirizmiyya wa'l-Mughul (Cairo, 1949); Bertold Spuler, "flkhans" (Historical) and R. Ettinghausen "Ilkh&ns" (Art and Architecture) in EZ (2) 1 120-1 123 and 1 123- 1 127 respectively. See Fadlullah bin 'Abdulliih Shirki called Wa~~iif, Ta'rililr-i- W~~iif &r Abwiil-i-SalfFin-i- Moghol, 5 Vols. in one (Tehran, 1338 A.H. Shamsi) pp. 708. ~aniichehr Murtadawi, Tdqiq dar ~iira-i-Ilkhiiniyiin-i-Iriin (Tabriz, 1341 A.H. Shamsi). For other papers by Maniichehr Murtadawi on the Ilkhgnids see the bibliography. Bertold Spuler, Die Mongolen in Iran; Politik, Verwaltung und Kultur der Zlchanzeit, 1220-1350,3rd revised edition (1968), pp. XVI+624. A.J. Toynbee, SOH, I, 363-64; 11, 78, 144; III,25,417, 439,450. J.A. Boyle, "Juvayni and Rashid al-Din as Sources on the History of the Mongols" in HOME, 133-137. See the translator's note E to M. Kamd 'Ayiid's paper. (t) Timiir or Timiir Lang (Tamerlane); L. Bouvat, EZ (I), IV, 777-779. Sami' Ni*m ad-Din, Zafarniimu' (History of the Conquests of Tamerlane), ed. by Felix Tauer, Persian text, introduction, commentary and Indexes, 2 vols. (1937-1956) pp. XXIV+320; 295. 'AbdullPh Mar- wgrid, Sharaf-n-', critical edition by Hans Robert Roemer, Staatsschre- iben der Timwidenzeit (1952). pp. VIII+224 and 75 pages of Persian text.
THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY 319 Lucien Bouvat, "Essai sur la civilisation Timouride in JA, 208(1926), 193- 299. SauvagetICahen, IHME, 170-171 ; A.Z.V. Togan, TU, 59; Abii T3lib Husain Turbati, Tuzakcft-i-Timiiri with an English tr. by Major Dewey and an introduction by Mujtaba MinovI, (1342 A.H. Shamsi) pp. 408; Harold Lamb's book on Timfir has been translated into Persian by 'Ali Jawahir Qalam (Tehran) pp. 288. George Sarton, ZHS, 111, 1467-1474. A.J. Toynbee, SOH, I1 and I11 passim (a detailed historical account). See Jean Aubin "Tamerlane A Baghdad" in Bagdad (l962), 303-309; Farid Wajdy, DM, 11, 729-731. H. Horst, Timl3r md Khoja' 'Ali (1958); "Timiir" in EB, (1973), XXII, 3-4. (u) Mabiidi 'ilm at-Ta'rikh wa mi)& Naqd al-Akhbiir. The Prin- ciples of Historiography and the Criteria of Historical Criticism. This is the title of the sixth chapter of al-Zji's Tdfah divided in twelve sections. Its text is not published yet. For its English tr. See F. Rosenthal's HOMH, 235-244. (v) Long bones, perhaps means bones of the thigh and upper arm- one of the seven categories of information derived from the examinztion of a complete skeleton. See "Physical Anthropology" in EB, (1973), 11, 46. (Identification of Skeletal Remains) and "Evolution of Man", 2, EB, (1973), XIV, 73 1-743 with a bibliography. (w) On the mathematical accuracy of al-Bi~ni see translator's note 'lT' to G. Richter's essay. (x) Karrgmites Originated in Khurasin out of the teachings of Abfi 'Abd-Alkh Muhammad ibu Karrim (d. 2551869). D.S. Margoliouth, "Karrfimiya" in the EZ(1) 11, 773-74; (good bibliography). J.T.P. De Bruijn, "l[r&n" (Religious) in the EZ (2) IV, 46 which states that in the 5thl 1 Ith century they exercised influence on the Ghaznavid rulers and the early Ghiirids. For the founder of this sect see al-Zirekli, QA, VII, 236 (with bibliography); 'U.R. Kahhila, MM, 161-62 (with references to Arabic sources), C.E. Bosworth, "The Rise of the Karramiyyah in Khurgshn, MW, L, (1960) 5-14; Richard W. Bulliat, op. cit. 46, states that the Hanafis and Shafi'i's at Nishapiir were opposed to the Karrgmites. F.E. Peters, ACom, 426-27; 462-63 (discussed Ibn Karram's work as a theologian). (y) This statement is on the whole correct. But some Planets, as is known today, are larger than the earth not only ten times but any number of times. James Jeans, The Universe Around Us (1930), 16-88; Carl 0. Dunbar, The Earth (1966), 30-112. About stars and planets in
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