the concept of critical historiography in the islamic world of the ...

THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL HISM)RIOGRAPHY 31 1
or Vestiges of the Past by E. Sachau (1879), pp. XVIt-464. Some fragments
of this book not found in the edition of Sachau have been published
by Karl Garbers and Johann Fiick in the Documenta Islamica Inedita
(1952) 45 - 98. On this book see Ahmad Sa'eed Khin, op. cit. 40-43.
Tr. into Persian by Akbar Dinisirisht, (1352 A.H. Shamsi), pp. 617. See
Seyyed Hossein Nayr, BAB, 67-69 (English). Russian tr. by the Academy
of Sciences, USSR, Uzbekistan, 2 vols. (Tashkent, 1957-1973).
(Z) DhuV-Qarnayn, literally "the Two-homed one" or "the King
with the two horns" etc. There is a difference of opinion as regards the
identification of Dhu'l-Qarnayn, but the popular and majority opinion
identifies him as Alexander, the Great. See 'Abdulliih Yiisuf 'Ali's trans.
I, 753-757, note no. 2428 and Appendix VII, ibid, 760-765. According to
the Qur'iin (Siira XVIII, 83-98) Dhu'l-Qarnayn reaches the western and
eastern limits of the earth but nothing has been said about the north and
the south. Farid Wajdy states (DM, I, 31 1-325 at 324) that Im5m ar-
Rizi and an-Naislliibiiry believed that he was Alexander and they have been
followed by the majority of the Qur'in commentators. Al-Mas'iidi gives
the title Dhu%Qarnayn to Alexander, MD, 11, 249; see Rudi Paret, op. cit.
316 with references; al-Biriini, ABAQ, 36-42; al-Himyiri, Shams al-'Uliim,
12-13. See J.M.S. Baljon, Modern Muslim Qur'cin Interpretation, 22, 31-
34, 90 (Comments on Azid's identification of Dhu'l-Qarnayn in Tarjumh
al-Qur'En). E. Mittwoch, EI(1) 961-62 (not noticed in the new edition).
(a) YZ'jiij and Md'jiij (Gog and Magog). A.J. Wensinck, Yd&4
Wa Mddsa'j in the EZ(1) ; IV, 1142 (with bibliography). The identification
of the Mongol invaders of Christian Europe with Gog and Magog was
rejected after the invaders had been found to be ignorant of Judaism.
See A.N. Poliak, "Geopolitical Ideas of the Struggle Between the Saracens
and the West" in the Proceedings, IV, 321-323. For comments of Kenneth
Cragg about Dhu'l-Qarnayn and his coming to a ravine between mountains
where he erected an iron rampart to defend the suppliant population from
marauding Gog and Magog, see The Event of the Qur'h (1971) 168-169.
'Abdullih Yiisuf 'Ali's trans. I, 756 and note 2439 and 760-765. Farid
Wajdy, DM, I, 68-69. The Gog and Magog of the Bible are very different
from those of the Qur'in. "Gog in the Bible, a hostile power that is to
manifest itself in the world immediately before the end of thing (Ezek,
XXXVII Seq. Rev. XX). Magog, who is joined with Gog in the passage
in Revelation is the name of Gog's origin in this passage in Ezekiel. In
Genesis X, 2 (and Ezek, XXXVIII, 2) Magog appears to represent a locality
.