the concept of critical historiography in the islamic world of the ...

THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY 319
Lucien Bouvat, "Essai sur la civilisation Timouride in JA, 208(1926), 193-
299. SauvagetICahen, IHME, 170-171 ; A.Z.V. Togan, TU, 59; Abii T3lib
Husain Turbati, Tuzakcft-i-Timiiri with an English tr. by Major Dewey
and an introduction by Mujtaba MinovI, (1342 A.H. Shamsi) pp. 408;
Harold Lamb's book on Timfir has been translated into Persian by 'Ali
Jawahir Qalam (Tehran) pp. 288. George Sarton, ZHS, 111, 1467-1474.
A.J. Toynbee, SOH, I1 and I11 passim (a detailed historical account).
See Jean Aubin "Tamerlane A Baghdad" in Bagdad (l962), 303-309; Farid
Wajdy, DM, 11, 729-731. H. Horst, Timl3r md Khoja' 'Ali (1958); "Timiir"
in EB, (1973), XXII, 3-4.
(u) Mabiidi 'ilm at-Ta'rikh wa mi)& Naqd al-Akhbiir. The Prin-
ciples of Historiography and the Criteria of Historical Criticism. This is
the title of the sixth chapter of al-Zji's Tdfah divided in twelve sections.
Its text is not published yet. For its English tr. See F. Rosenthal's
HOMH, 235-244.
(v) Long bones, perhaps means bones of the thigh and upper arm-
one of the seven categories of information derived from the examinztion of
a complete skeleton. See "Physical Anthropology" in EB, (1973), 11, 46.
(Identification of Skeletal Remains) and "Evolution of Man", 2, EB,
(1973), XIV, 73 1-743 with a bibliography.
(w) On the mathematical accuracy of al-Bi~ni see translator's
note 'lT' to G. Richter's essay.
(x) Karrgmites Originated in Khurasin out of the teachings of Abfi
'Abd-Alkh Muhammad ibu Karrim (d. 2551869). D.S. Margoliouth,
"Karrfimiya" in the EZ(1) 11, 773-74; (good bibliography). J.T.P. De
Bruijn, "l[r&n" (Religious) in the EZ (2) IV, 46 which states that in the 5thl
1 Ith century they exercised influence on the Ghaznavid rulers and the early
Ghiirids. For the founder of this sect see al-Zirekli, QA, VII, 236 (with
bibliography); 'U.R. Kahhila, MM, 161-62 (with references to Arabic
sources), C.E. Bosworth, "The Rise of the Karramiyyah in Khurgshn,
MW, L, (1960) 5-14; Richard W. Bulliat, op. cit. 46, states that the Hanafis
and Shafi'i's at Nishapiir were opposed to the Karrgmites. F.E. Peters,
ACom, 426-27; 462-63 (discussed Ibn Karram's work as a theologian).
(y) This statement is on the whole correct. But some Planets,
as is known today, are larger than the earth not only ten times but any
number of times. James Jeans, The Universe Around Us (1930), 16-88;
Carl 0. Dunbar, The Earth (1966), 30-112. About stars and planets in