Bio-medical Ontologies Maintenance and Change Management

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Multimedia Medical Databases 87 3. A Tools Panel, which contains several image processing, functions. It is composed of: – An Image Processing panel which contains a Checkbox Group with image effects functions – Some Rotate and Flip buttons used by physicians to determine the area of interest – A Text Area and a Slider used for multi frame DICOM files. In the Text Area the number of the current frame is shown. The Slider dynamically changes with the DICOM file displayed. It can also be used to see a particular frame – A Cine Mode option. By clicking this option a multi frame file can be viewed as a motion picture. It can be used by physicians when studying the human heart and not only – OneFrame and AllFrames buttons used in case of multi frame DICOM files. By pressing AllFrames button all frames will be displayed. By pressing OneFrame, only the first frame of the file will be displayed – Show Tag Info button that will open a new frame where all DICOM file tags are displayed by category 4. The DICOM Tag Browser frame contains a list where all the categories are displayed. By double clicking one of them, all tags from that category that were found in the DICOM file are displayed, together with all their information and value. It is possible for a category that no tag can be displayed, because no information was found in the file. The tags and all their information are taken from the database where they were stored after the file had been processed. 5. By selecting [File| Add a DICOM File] a DICOM file can be added to the database. The DICOM file package will be used to decode the DICOM file, save the images as jpegs or gifs and store the tags and the paths of the images in the database. When decoding is done, the file is added in the Database tree. It can be selected and the frames will be displayed in the ImageView panel. 6. If DICOM Dictionary has to be seen, select [Help| See Dicom Dictionary]. A frame will be displayed with all the tags from the dictionary sorted by category. A detailed description of this software tool can be found in [92, 93]. 3 Content-Based Visual Query on Color Feature in Multimedia Medical Databases 3.1 Introduction The color is the visual feature that is immediately perceived on an image. The color system used for representing image color information has a great importance in content-based image query, so this direction of research was intensely studied [18].
88 L. Stanescu, D. Dan Burdescu, and M. Brezovan There is no color system that it is universal used, because the notion of color can be modeled and interpreted in different ways. Each system has its own color models that represent the system parameters [30]. There were created several color systems, for different purposes: RGB (for displaying process), XYZ (for color standardization), rgb, xyz (for color normalization and representation), CieL*u*v*, CieL*a*b* (for perceptual uniformity), HSV (intuitive description) [29, 30]. There have been proposed systems for content-based retrieval that uses different technologies for color characteristics representation: color histograms, color moments, color edge orientation, color texture, color correlograms. These uses color systems like: RGB, HIS, L*a*b* or L*u*v* [29]. The color systems were studied taking into consideration different criteria imposed by content-based visual query [28, 30]: • The independence of the imaging device • Perceptual uniformity • Linear transformation • Intuitive for user • Robust for imaging conditions. – Invariant to a change in viewing direction – Invariant to a change in object geometry – Invariant to a change in direction and intensity of the illumination – Invariant to a change in the spectral power distribution of the illumination 3.2 Color Fundamentals Color is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, white, etc [15, 29]. Color derives from the spectrum of light (distribution of light energy versus wavelength) and interacts in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical specifications of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectrum. The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye [29, 102]. The human eye is able to respond to wavelengths in air from 380 to 780 nm [29, 102]. Newton first used the word spectrum (Latin for “appearance” or “apparition”) in print in 1671 in describing his experiments in optics [29, 102]. Newton observed that, when a narrow beam of sunlight strikes the face of a glass prism at an angle, some is reflected and some of the beam passes into and through the glass, emerging as different colored bands. Newton hypothesized that light was made up of particles of different colors, and that the different colors of light moved at different speeds in transparent matter, with red light moving more quickly in glass than violet light. The result is that red light was refracted less
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Amandeep S. Sidhu and Tharam S. Dil
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Amandeep S. Sidhu and Tharam S. Dil
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Preface The molecular biology commu
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Preface VII biomedical systems, and
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X Contents Mining Clinical, Immunol
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2 A.S. Sidhu, M. Bellgard, and T.S.
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Towards Bioinformatics Resourceomes
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2 The New Waves Towards Bioinformat
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2.4 Semantic Web Towards Bioinforma
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138 L. Stanescu, D. Dan Burdescu, a
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140 L. Stanescu, D. Dan Burdescu, a
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Bio-medical Ontologies Maintenance
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TextToOnto (Maedche and Volz 2001)
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Extraction of Constraints from Biol
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Classifying Patterns in Bioinformat
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Mining Clinical, Immunological, and
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Substructure Analysis of Metabolic
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entry compound relation subtype com
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Running Time 4500 4000 3500 3000 25
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6 Conclusion Substructure Analysis
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266 J.Y. Chen, S. Taduri, and F. Ll
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Completing the Total Wellbeing Puzz
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296 M. Fernandez, M. Villasana, and
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Genetic Algorithm in Ab Initio Prot
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Author Index Apiletti, Daniele 169
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Bio-medical Ontologies Maintenance and Change Management

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