The Potential of Electricity Generation from Poultry Waste in ...

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(ix) To ensure reliable supply of energy to the people at reasonable and affordable price. (x) To develop a regional energy market for rational exchange of commercial energy to ensure energy security” (NEP, 2004, p. 2). Renewable Energy Policy The National Energy Policy (NEP) 1996 also covers the Renewable Energy Policy. There are different objectives set in the policy for the development of renewable energy sectors. The objectives are given below: “• Promotion of renewable energy attracting private capital investment • To accelerate electrification program using renewable energy resources • To reduce pressure on commercial fuels • Generation of power utilizing renewable energy to share at least 5% of total demand by 2010 and 10% by 2020. • To ensure optimum development of all renewable energy sources • To ensure environmentally sound sustainable energy development programs causing minimum damage to environment. • To encourage public and private sector participation in the development renewable energy • To promote competition among the entrepreneurs” (NEP, 2004, p. 42). Under the policy, the renewable energy entrepreneur is responsible to find its consumer for electricity. The tariff of electricity can be settled mutually by the entrepreneur and the consumer. The entrepreneur can build its own distribution system or it can use the existing distribution system of different utilities subject to payment of wheeling charges. The utilities may buy the electricity from the grid connected renewable energy projects through mutually agreed Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The policy offers different financial incentives to promote the sector. The renewable energy entrepreneurs shall be exempted from corporate income tax for a period of 15 years. 100% depreciation in the first year was considered for solar projects and 100% depreciation for 5 years was considered for other renewable projects such as wind, biogas etc. Import of renewable energy plant or equipments will be free of custom duties and Value Added Tax (VAT). Foreign investors are encouraged to enter the business with join venture. The policy also offers some other incentives for the foreign investors (NEP, 2004, p. 43-44). 11
Small Power Plant (SPP) Policy 16 Under Small Power Policy the private investors are allowed to generate electricity for their own use and sell the excess electricity to the other consumers. The SPPs can be located at any part of the country. The SPPs can use natural gas as primary energy if it is within the natural gas network or the SPPs can arrange their own fuel. It is the responsibility of the SPP to find out their customers for electricity and they will have direct contract with the consumers for the sell of electricity. For power transmission the SPPs can build their own distribution network or they can use the existing transmission system subject to the payment of wheeling charges and the adequacy of the capacity of the network. The tariff of electricity shall be as of the tariff announced by the government if the area is covered by the national grid. On the other hand, where there is no electricity network, the tariff can be negotiated between the SPPs and the consumers. However, it is not clear whether government would charge any tax/VAT on such sell. Captive power policy 17 : For a long time the country had no captive power policy, however, the government approved the captive power policy in February 2007. According to the policy the Captive Power Plants (CPP) are now allowed to sell their excess electricity to the electric utility. However, the electric utility power purchaser has the right not to purchase electricity from CPP during offpeak hours. CPP is responsible to build the interconnection network required for the supply of electricity on to the grid. The cost for inter connection with network including switch gear; metering, protection etc. will be born by the owner of the CPP. To sell electricity to the electric utility other than the host electric utility, CPP may use the existing transmission system subject to payment of the wheeling charge applicable and the adequacy of the capacity of the network. The tariff for purchasing power from a CPP shall not exceed the tariff by which Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) sells power at 132 KV excluding wheeling charge. No banking of energy is allowed under this policy. Separate billing will be carried out for export and import of energy by the CPP. 16 Summarized from Policy Guidelines for Small Power Plant (SPP) in private sector, 2001. 17 Summarized from Policy Guidelines for Power Purchase from Captive Power Plant, 2007 12
Page 1 and 2: The Potential of Electricity Genera
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd…) Title
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATION °C : degree C
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLE Title Page Table 2.1
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURE (Contd...) Title pag
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author is grate
Page 13 and 14: farms can produce electricity. Scen
Page 15 and 16: GWh/year respectively provided fert
Page 17 and 18: unterschiedliche Szenarien berücks
Page 19 and 20: Es besteht kein wirtschaftliches Po
Page 21 and 22: electricity that could be produced
Page 23 and 24: 1.5 Significance of the Study: Bang
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2.1 Showing the Geography of
Page 27 and 28: Power Sector The total installed ca
Page 29: Biogas plant in the country Differe
Page 33 and 34: It is really difficult to get relia
Page 35 and 36: 2.2.2 Key Statistics of the Study A
Page 37 and 38: 875 2170 493 Figure 2.9 Upazillawis
Page 39 and 40: 3.1 Approach CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
Page 41 and 42: Number 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Page 43 and 44: commercial bank interest rate, mark
Page 45 and 46: time constraint. Very large scale f
Page 47 and 48: for four hours a day from 6 pm to 1
Page 49 and 50: % of poultry farms 21% Figure 4.4 D
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4.6 Showing Electric Pump an
Page 53 and 54: % of poultry farm 12% Figure 4.9 Du
Page 55 and 56: geographical location of 2000 birds
Page 57 and 58: 4.3 Attitudes and Barriers Attitude
Page 59 and 60: Figure 5.2 Showing different compon
Page 61 and 62: The biogas from the poultry waste c
Page 63 and 64: Droppings Figure 5.4 Flow diagram o
Page 65 and 66: market 27 . At present the steel wo
Page 67 and 68: In GTZ flagship project, the unit c
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5.9 Flow diagram of producin
Page 71 and 72: 5.5 Problems Encountered with the T
Page 73 and 74: 6.1 Financial Analysis For financia
Page 75 and 76: Cost of biogas plant: The construct
Page 77 and 78: However, one analysis is made on th
Page 79 and 80: The other parameters considered in
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 6.4 IRR of different size of
Page 83 and 84:
Case 4: Electricity, Fertilizer and
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 6.7 IRR of different size of
Page 87 and 88:
The corresponding country electrici
Page 89 and 90:
IRR (%) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Sc
Page 91 and 92:
Scenario I It was found that for ca
Page 93 and 94:
Table 6.9 Summary of estimated pote
Page 95 and 96:
Only electricity as a product to ea
Page 97 and 98:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Ali, Monshof, 2005:
Page 99 and 100:
http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographi
Page 101 and 102:
2.5 What type of back up system do
Page 103 and 104:
2.10 What is your daily energy cons
Page 105 and 106:
Part C. Attitude toward Electricity
Page 107 and 108:
Size of poultry Farm No. of lamps u
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 6.1 Percentage consumption
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix 6.3 Calculation of CO2 sav
Page 113 and 114:
Appendix 6.4 (Contd…) Detail resu
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix 6.5 (Contd…) Detail resu
Page 117 and 118:
IRR (%) IRR (%) 36 32 28 24 20 16 1
Page 119:
DECLARATION I hereby certify that t
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