ON THE EFFECTS OF CIRCULAR BOLT PATTERNS ON THE ...

(a)
(b)
(c) .
Figure 1-1 Failure Modes For A Bolted End-Plate Connection.(a) Thin, (b) Intermediate, And (c) Thick
Mode-1 has high ductility, but the connection with this failure mode is expected to possess low
moment resistance and stiffness characteristic. To the contrary, Mode-3 tends to possess a high level of
moment resistance with a brittle failure mechanism. In Mode-2, the joint can resist an intermediate level
of moment, while remaining reasonably ductile [6].
Due to the low accuracy in predicting the prying forces in the intermediate case, a series of research
studies were carried out by Srouji et al. [9], Hendrick et al. [10], and Morrison et al. [11][12] to adjust the
location and magnitude of the prying forces and to improve the accuracy of the distribution of the bolt-
2