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ON THE EFFECTS OF CIRCULAR BOLT PATTERNS ON THE ...

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4.5.2 Beam-Column Connection .................................................................................. 56<br />

4.5.2.1 Extended End-Plate Connection ........................................................... 57<br />

4.5.2.2 Top-And-Seat Angle Connection ........................................................... 58<br />

4.5.2.3 Bolted/Bolted Double Web Angle Connection ....................................... 60<br />

4.5.2.4 Welded-bolted Double Web Angle Connection ..................................... 62<br />

4.5.2.5 Flush End-Plate Connection ................................................................. 64<br />

5. DEVELOPMENT <strong>OF</strong> HYSTERESIS MA<strong>THE</strong>MATICAL MODELS ................................................ 66<br />

5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 66<br />

5.2 Selection Of Test Cases ................................................................................................... 66<br />

5.3 Finite Element Modeling ................................................................................................... 70<br />

5.4 Hysteresis Characteristics ................................................................................................ 73<br />

5.5 Finite Element Results ..................................................................................................... 77<br />

5.6 Development Of Hysteresis Model Equation ................................................................... 91<br />

5.6.1 Basis Of Hysteresis Development ...................................................................... 91<br />

5.6.2 Basis Of Regression Analysis ............................................................................. 93<br />

5.6.3 Equations Of Hysteresis Behavior ..................................................................... 96<br />

6. DISCUSSI<strong>ON</strong> <strong>OF</strong> <strong>THE</strong> RESULTS .............................................................................................. 108<br />

6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 108<br />

6.2 Results And Discussions ................................................................................................ 109<br />

6.3 Energy Dissipation ......................................................................................................... 111<br />

6.4 Bolt Force Variation Under Monotonic Loading ............................................................. 116<br />

6.5 Bolt-Force Variation Under Cyclic Loading .................................................................... 126<br />

6.6 Effect Of The End-Plate Deformation ............................................................................. 133<br />

7. SUMMARY, C<strong>ON</strong>CLUSI<strong>ON</strong>, AND RECOMMENDATI<strong>ON</strong>S ........................................................ 139<br />

7.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 139<br />

7.2 Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................... 140<br />

7.3 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 141<br />

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