The dissertation of Kelley, IHM, MS_________________ entitled ...

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Overview of Grief Review of the Literature Grief in Women Religious 2 Research shows that grief following the death of a loved one is a normal reaction and one which varies across individuals (Malkinson, 2001). Strobe, Hansson, Stroebe, and Schut (2001) define grief as an emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one through death. The outward expression of grief is considered mourning (Ringdal, Jordhoy, Ringdal, & Kaasa, 2001). Grief and mourning are the outcome of bereavement, the situation of an individual having lost a loved one by death (Ringdal et al., 2001). Although grief is a normal response to the loss of a loved one, the length of the process may not be the same for everyone (Herkert, 2000). Some researchers suggest that grief reactions intensify immediately following the loss and decrease over time (Malkinson, 2001). However, other research indicates that for the duration of the bereaved's life, feelings of grief commonly reoccur around significant dates associated with the deceased such as birthdays, holidays, or the anniversary of the death (Rosenblatt, 1996). Walsh, King, Jones, Tookman, and Blizard (2002) found that bereaved people frequently reach a level of functioning that is close to typical for them between four to six months after the death. Ringdal et al. (2001) report a significant decline in grief symptoms from 1 month to 13 months after the death of a family member. In the first three months of the loss, there was a slight increase in grief reactions; however, it was not statistically significant. For these individuals, the major decrease in grief reactions occurred within three to sixth months after the loss. In contrast to these findings, Malkinson (2001) reports that normal grief work is not expected to be completed within a 12-month period. Results of a longitudinal study
Grief in Women Religious 3 performed by Thompson, Gallagher-Thompson, Futterman, Gilewski, and Peterson (1991) also found that grief resolution may not be completed within the first year of the loss. This study found that grief can continue for 30 months after the death of a spouse. Furthermore, Parkes and Weiss (1983) suggest that depression may subside over the first 12 months of bereavement, but distress surrounding loss issues continues for a number of years. Several studies found that each loss is unique and that the bereaved lives the loss uniquely by getting in touch fully with their sorrow (Kenel, 1994; Solari-Twadell, Bunkers, Wang, & Snyder, 1995) and coping with their feelings (Cowan, 1983). DeVries (1997) reports that adjustment to the death of a loved one takes place on multiple levels. During this period of mourning, the bereaved person searches to find meaning in the death as well as a new self-meaning (Rosenblatt et al., 1991). Failure to admit the finality of the loss may leave the individual enveloped in depression and anger (Kenel, 1994). The resolution of grief, however, can enhance an individual's personal richness and depth and lead to new inner strength (Solari-Twadell et al., 1995), which makes it possible for love and creativity to intensify (Laakso & Paunonen-Ilmonen, 2002). Research suggests that social support appears to have a positive effect on grief resolution and increases personal growth. Social Support and Grief Social support is a source of nurturance that can positively or negatively impact an individual's well-being (Laakso & Paunonen-Ilmonen, 2002). Through social support, individuals develop healthy coping strategies and come to view crises with new insight (Schaefer & Moos, 2001). By facilitating a clearer understanding of the stressful
Page 1 and 2: The dissertation of _____________Do
Page 3 and 4: Running head: GRIEF SYMPTOMS IN WOM
Page 5 and 6: Grief in Women Religious Multiple r
Page 7 and 8: DEDICATION Grief in Women Religious
Page 9 and 10: TABLE 1. TABLE 2. TABLE 3. TABLE 4.
Page 11 and 12: Grief in Women Religious Measures 1
Page 13: CHAPTER 1 Introduction Grief in Wom
Page 17 and 18: Grief in Women Religious 5 Material
Page 19 and 20: Grief in Women Religious 7 findings
Page 21 and 22: Grief in Women Religious 9 spiritua
Page 23 and 24: Grief in Women Religious 11 Spiritu
Page 25 and 26: Grief in Women Religious 13 contemp
Page 27 and 28: Grief in Women Religious 15 may be
Page 29 and 30: Grief in Women Religious 17 attempt
Page 31 and 32: Table 1 Summary of Demographic Info
Page 33 and 34: Grief in Women Religious 21 of this
Page 35 and 36: Grief in Women Religious 23 For the
Page 37 and 38: Grief in Women Religious 25 for EWB
Page 39 and 40: Grief in Women Religious 27 The sup
Page 41 and 42: Grief in Women Religious 29 explain
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER III Results Grief in Women
Page 45 and 46: Table 3 cont SWB1 Overall Active Co
Page 47 and 48: Table 5 Grief in Women Religious 35
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER IV Discussion Grief in Wome
Page 55 and 56: Grief in Women Religious 43 women r
Page 57 and 58: Grief in Women Religious 45 Althoug
Page 59 and 60: Grief in Women Religious 47 emptive
Page 61 and 62: Grief in Women Religious 49 religio
Page 63 and 64: Grief in Women Religious 51 Costa,
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Grief in Women Religious 53 Herth,
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Grief in Women Religious 55 McCrae,
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Grief in Women Religious 57 Sanders
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APPENDIX A Human Subject Review Let
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APPENDIX B Texas Revised Inventory
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PART I: PAST BEHAVIOR Grief in Wome
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Grief in Women Religious 65 11. Thi
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INSTRUCTIONS: SSQ Grief in Women Re
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Grief in Women Religious 69 8. Whom
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Grief in Women Religious 71 18. Who
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APPENDIX D NEO-E Grief in Women Rel
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11. I wouldn't enjoy vacationing in
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43. I take a personal interest in t
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SWB Scale Grief in Women Religious
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Grief in Women Religious 81 SWB Sca
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Dear Sister, Cover Letter Grief in
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Background Information Grief in Wom
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Information and Consent Form Grief
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Contact Information for Three Month
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September 2004 Dear Sister, Grief i
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March 2005 Dear Sister, Grief in Wo
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