The dissertation of Kelley, IHM, MS_________________ entitled ...

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Grief in Women Religious 42 with or even have regular contact with other individuals who also are grieving for the deceased. Moreover, they do not have a spouse or children and the emotional ties that spring from relationships of this nature. Research indicates that nontraditional relationships may lead to additional problems during the grieving process (Doka, 1987). Moreover, during times of bereavement, the structure of religious life may inhibit women religious from utilizing their social support system to its full effectiveness. The mean and standard deviation scores of social support, for the active and contemplative women noted in Table 3, are lower than those of college students in the original study (M = 145.26, Sarason et al., 1983). Religious life demands a willingness to embrace self- sacrifice, live by countercultural values, and follow specific rules. For contemplative religious, this may mean restricted contact with their support system. This may demonstrate itself through limited contacts by phone, visits, or an in depth sharing of feelings. For active women religious, this may be the consequence of living apart from their religious community, the responsibilities and time restraints of their ministry, or the obligations they have to their communities. Research indicates that the structure of an organization can hinder the positive impact of social support and stresses that the effects of social support depends on the degree of contact between individuals (Vachon & Stylianos, 1988). Furthermore, when active and contemplative women religious were examined as one group, spirituality at time 1 did not predict grief symptoms at time 2. In contrast, when the results were examined separately by group (active and contemplative), spirituality at time 1 for the active women religious did impact grief at time 2. The present study's finding that spirituality did not impact grief symptoms over time, when
Grief in Women Religious 43 women religious were tested as one group, is inconsistent with research on spirituality and grief, which indicates that spirituality impacts grief resolution (Golsworthy & Coyle, 1999; Marrone, 1999). While spirituality is an important focus for active women religious, their lives also entail a ministerial dimension. Their ministry requires them to engage in personal contact with others and to spend less time in silence and structured prayer (Schneiders, 2000). The fast-paced feature of the active religious life is similar to the lifestyle of lay people. For these reasons, it appears that spirituality may impact the grief of active women religious as previous research suggests (Golsworthy & Coyle, 1999; Marrone, 1999). In addition, active women religious may also use high perceived spirituality as a shield to refrain from addressing the pain associated with their loss. This would be consistent with research that suggests that while faith supports individuals through the grief process, it can also lead to feelings of embarrassment and guilt when individuals criticize themselves for not coping more effectively with their loss (Golsworthy & Coyle, 1999). In contrast to the active group, results indicate that for the contemplative group spirituality at time 1 did not impact grief at time 2. This finding is consistent with a longitudinal study of bereaved adults using the TRIG and a spirituality scale which did not find a significant relation between spirituality and grief (Longman, 1993). Additional research in this area is needed. Moreover, the difference found between active and contemplative women religious may also suggest a relation between religious lifestyles and coping styles. The lifestyle of active women religious may provide more overt opportunities for coping such as personal therapy, support groups, or frequent contact with other individuals who have lost loved ones; whereas, in the contemplative life, due to its structure, these
Page 1 and 2:
The dissertation of _____________Do
Page 3 and 4: Running head: GRIEF SYMPTOMS IN WOM
Page 5 and 6: Grief in Women Religious Multiple r
Page 7 and 8: DEDICATION Grief in Women Religious
Page 9 and 10: TABLE 1. TABLE 2. TABLE 3. TABLE 4.
Page 11 and 12: Grief in Women Religious Measures 1
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1 Introduction Grief in Wom
Page 15 and 16: Grief in Women Religious 3 performe
Page 17 and 18: Grief in Women Religious 5 Material
Page 19 and 20: Grief in Women Religious 7 findings
Page 21 and 22: Grief in Women Religious 9 spiritua
Page 23 and 24: Grief in Women Religious 11 Spiritu
Page 25 and 26: Grief in Women Religious 13 contemp
Page 27 and 28: Grief in Women Religious 15 may be
Page 29 and 30: Grief in Women Religious 17 attempt
Page 31 and 32: Table 1 Summary of Demographic Info
Page 33 and 34: Grief in Women Religious 21 of this
Page 35 and 36: Grief in Women Religious 23 For the
Page 37 and 38: Grief in Women Religious 25 for EWB
Page 39 and 40: Grief in Women Religious 27 The sup
Page 41 and 42: Grief in Women Religious 29 explain
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER III Results Grief in Women
Page 45 and 46: Table 3 cont SWB1 Overall Active Co
Page 47 and 48: Table 5 Grief in Women Religious 35
Page 53: CHAPTER IV Discussion Grief in Wome
Page 57 and 58: Grief in Women Religious 45 Althoug
Page 59 and 60: Grief in Women Religious 47 emptive
Page 61 and 62: Grief in Women Religious 49 religio
Page 63 and 64: Grief in Women Religious 51 Costa,
Page 65 and 66: Grief in Women Religious 53 Herth,
Page 67 and 68: Grief in Women Religious 55 McCrae,
Page 69 and 70: Grief in Women Religious 57 Sanders
Page 71 and 72: APPENDIX A Human Subject Review Let
Page 73 and 74: APPENDIX B Texas Revised Inventory
Page 75 and 76: PART I: PAST BEHAVIOR Grief in Wome
Page 77 and 78: Grief in Women Religious 65 11. Thi
Page 79 and 80: INSTRUCTIONS: SSQ Grief in Women Re
Page 81 and 82: Grief in Women Religious 69 8. Whom
Page 83 and 84: Grief in Women Religious 71 18. Who
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX D NEO-E Grief in Women Rel
Page 87 and 88: 11. I wouldn't enjoy vacationing in
Page 89 and 90: 43. I take a personal interest in t
Page 91 and 92: SWB Scale Grief in Women Religious
Page 93 and 94: Grief in Women Religious 81 SWB Sca
Page 95 and 96: Dear Sister, Cover Letter Grief in
Page 97 and 98: Background Information Grief in Wom
Page 99 and 100: Information and Consent Form Grief
Page 101 and 102: Contact Information for Three Month
Page 103 and 104: September 2004 Dear Sister, Grief i
Page 105:
March 2005 Dear Sister, Grief in Wo
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