Prevention of Right-Wing Extremism, Xenophobia and Racism in ...

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could be most successful, because it operates on the micro level and is so able to identify local conditions and develop joint solutions with local actors and authorities. An institutionalized platform directed by the educational board of a University of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen), which oversees social intervention programs throughout the various regions, could take on the construction of low-threshold intervention measures and the coordination of knowledge. In addition, more specifi c scientifi c knowledge should be produced on Swiss right-wing extremism through scientifi c research and the documentation of present experiences, which should then be prepared for educational purposes. Of ultimate importance is the training of police offi cers and social workers, which should be regularly updated to include newly gathered knowledge (D’Amato & Gerber, 2002). Swiss municipalities that clearly exhibited the problem of right-wing extremism and yet do not acknowledge it – because of the lack of political will, sensitivity to the problem, public out- rage, and media attention – have largely been left on their own. This is because in Switzerland, as a grassroots democracy and federalist country, interference from outside or from above by state agencies is rare. This, however, raises the question whether such intervention, be it in the form of a demand to combat right-wing extremist phenomena or an offer of advisory services, would not be appropriate when right-wing tendencies and the legitimization of paramili- tary right-wing extremist groups present a threat to potential victim groups and people with other opinions. In the French-speaking part of Switzerland, offi cial victim support services and expert non-governmental organizations, that are are also available to offenders, offer refuge. Insuffi cient services are, however, available in German-speaking Switzerland, and there is a general need for funding and additional human resource and, more specifi cally, for low-threshold services and street-based youth work. Another idea would be for the justice system to make increased use of perpetrator-victim mediation and to invest in sensitization programs. In Scandinavia and Germany, examinations of services for young persons fi nding it diffi cult to disengage from intimidating and dominating youth gangs revealed the services to be quite successful. In Switzerland, greater importance has been placed on services of this kind only in the last four or fi ve years, and there are as yet few coordinated services. A desirable solution for all of these tasks would be to set up a central competency center for combating right-wing right-wing extremism and xenophobia that ensures and promotes knowledge transfer as well as coordinating existing contact points and consultation centers. At present, however, there does not seem to be suffi cient political will to do so. References Altermatt, Urs & Kriesi, Hanspeter (1995): L‘extrême-droite en Suisse. Organisations et radi- radi- calisation au cours des années quatre-vingt et quatre-vingt-dix. Fribourg: éd. Universitaires Balibar, Etienne & Wallerstein, Immanuel (1988): Race, nation, classe. Les identités ambiguës. Paris: La découverte et Syros 44 The Special Case of Switzerland
Bolzman, Claudio; Salberg-Mendoza, Anne-Catherine; Eckmann, Monique; Grünberg, Karl (2000): Typology of Racist Violence: Implications for Comparative Research and IntervenInterven- tion. In: J. Ter Wal & M. Verkuyten (eds.): Comparative perspectives on Racism. Aldershot: Ashgate Cattacin, Sandro; Gerber, Brigitta; Sardi, Massimo; Wegener, Robert (2006): Monitoring right- right- wing attitudes, xenophobia and misanthropy in Switzerland: an explorative study. Research report – PNR 40+. Sociological Research. Report No. 1 of the Department of sociology. Geneva: University of Geneva. www.unige.ch/ses/socio D’Amato, Gianni & Gerber, Brigitta (2002): Rechtsextremismus und Ausstiegshilfen – MöglichMöglich- keiten und Potentiale für die Schweiz. Neuenburg: SFM Drilling, Matthias & Gautschin, Dorothea (2001): Youth culture and adolescence: limits to autonomous socialisation and demands on youth welfare. In: A. Furlong/I. Guidikova (eds.): Transitions of youth citizenship in Europe: culture, subculture and identity (pp. 305-320). Strassbourg: Council of Europe Europe Publishing Drilling, Matthias & Eser Davolio, Miryam (eds.) (2004): Rechtsextremismus und Soziale Arbeit. Basel: Verlag Fachhochschule für Soziale Arbeit beider Basel. Available online at: http://www.forschen.ch Drilling, Matthias (2004): Schulsozialarbeit. Antworten auf veränderte Lebenswelten (3rd ed.). Bern: Verlag Paul Haupt Eckmann, Monique & Eser Davolio, Miryam (2002): Pédagogie de l’antiracisme. Aspects théoriques et supports pratiques pour l’éducation antiraicste. Genève: éditions Institut d‘études sociales, Lausanne: LEP Eckmann, Monique & Eser Davolio, Miryam (2003): Rassismus angehen statt übergehen Theorie und Praxisanleitung für Schule, Jugendarbeit und Erwachsenenbildung. Zürich: Pestalozzi Verlag Eckmann, Monique; Salberg Anne-CatherineM; Bolzman Claudio; Grünberg Karl (2001): De la parole des victimes à l‘action contre le racisme (préface de J. Voyame). Genève: éditions Institut d‘études sociales Eckmann, Monique (2005): Faire face au racisme: Violences extrémistes parmi les jeunes. In: Schweizerische Ausländerkommission, terra cognita – Violence, Schweizer Zeitschrift zu Integration und Migration, 6, 62-69 Eidgenössisches Justiz- und Polizeidepartement Polizeidepartement (2000): Staatsschutzbericht 2000. Bern: EDMZ Eidgenössisches Justiz- und Polizeidepartement (2001): Staatsschutzbericht 2000. Bern: EDMZ Eser Davolio, Miryam (2000): Fremdenfeindlichkeit, Rassismus, Gewalt – Festgefahrenes durch Projektunterricht bewegen. Bern, Stuttgart, Wien: Haupt Verlag Eser Davolio, Miryam; Eckmann, Monique; Drilling, Matthias (2004): Rechtsextremismus und Soziale Arbeit in der Schweiz. In: M. Drilling & M. Eser Davolio (eds.): Rechtsextremismus und Soziale Arbeit (pp. 2-9). Hochschule für Pädagogik und Soziale Arbeit beider Basel The Special Case of Switzerland 45
Page 1 and 2: Prevention of Right-Wing Extremism,
Page 3: Contents Michaela Glaser Introducti
Page 6 and 7: these developments (Minkenberg, 200
Page 8 and 9: institutional framework of this pol
Page 10 and 11: lum. In addition, schools are requi
Page 12 and 13: YNGVE CARLSSON Violent Right-Wing E
Page 14 and 15: Boot Boys. They emphasize physical
Page 16 and 17: The economic explanation Norway is
Page 18 and 19: danger is of course that the proble
Page 20 and 21: “tool-bags”. In other cases the
Page 22 and 23: and Norwegian communities are trans
Page 24 and 25: The effects of such demonstrations
Page 26 and 27: Building personal relations as a st
Page 28 and 29: there is of course a possibility th
Page 30 and 31: MIRYAM ESER DAVOLIO; BRIGITTA GERBE
Page 32 and 33: & Wallerstein, 1988). Right-wing ex
Page 34 and 35: If younger people exhibit right-win
Page 36 and 37: had very different effects on attit
Page 38 and 39: For each specifi c fi eld, the the
Page 40 and 41: the problems of right-wing extremis
Page 42 and 43: The networking among community acto
Page 46 and 47: Eser Davolio, Miryam & Drilling, Ma
Page 48 and 49: GÉ GRUBBEN Right-Extremist Sympath
Page 50 and 51: in the way in which they accentuate
Page 52 and 53: digit membership. The mobility of t
Page 54 and 55: Strategies for combating prejudice,
Page 56 and 57: The government Right-wing extremism
Page 58 and 59: Anti discrimination organizations T
Page 60 and 61: shortfall of thorough research and
Page 62 and 63: From intercultural education to act
Page 64 and 65: Appendix - Educational and children
Page 66 and 67: Experience shows that many particip
Page 68 and 69: Reliable information on members of
Page 70 and 71: to sympathy with the National Socia
Page 72 and 73: extremist activities cannot be reac
Page 74 and 75: do so, social work not only has to
Page 76 and 77: not neglect content-related dimensi
Page 78 and 79: Pingel, Andrea & Rieker, Peter (200
Page 80 and 81: Black people 23 are a lot more like
Page 82 and 83: stances that encouraged members of
Page 84 and 85: upon the forces of law and order th
Page 86 and 87: landscape in contrast to the previo
Page 88 and 89: Dealing with racism in schools Havi
Page 90 and 91: New Labour, racism and education In
Page 92 and 93: REWIND: This organisation carries o
Page 94 and 95:
Gillborn, David & Mirza, Heidi (200
Page 96 and 97:
GYÖRGY LIGETI & TAMÁS NYESTE Righ
Page 98 and 99:
A multitude of amateur bands have s
Page 100 and 101:
ner portraying all possible stereot
Page 102 and 103:
like their children to get their fi
Page 104 and 105:
a so-called Árpád striped fl ag,
Page 106 and 107:
The Holocaust Memorial Center (www.
Page 108 and 109:
Youth work Mobilitas Youth Service
Page 110 and 111:
their programmes and projects. Rece
Page 112 and 113:
exclusion, but that they would then
Page 114 and 115:
fi remen are often greeted by stone
Page 116 and 117:
not want to meet. For example, I’
Page 118 and 119:
disserts about Islam, saying that i
Page 120 and 121:
liceman, which caused quite uproar,
Page 122 and 123:
seat, calmed, quiet. This from a ra
Page 124 and 125:
situation, which is also institutio
Page 126:
Gé Grubben: higher professional ed
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