Prevention of Right-Wing Extremism, Xenophobia and Racism in ...

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Anti discrimination organizations The whole network of anti discrimination organizations has developed numerous activities. Together with Lonsdale, the AFA (the Anti-fascist Action) has published the Lonsdalenews newspaper and launched a website. The website and the freely distributed newspaper provide information about the brand Lonsdale and gabber music and warn against right-wing extremism and intolerance. A number of local ADBs have also developed initiatives. They initiated research in their reregion, supplied information sessions sessions in schools and youth centres, participated in the advance- ment of professional expertise, and participated in local networks. National organizations were and are also involved in numerous initiatives. FORUM (The Institute for Multicultural Development) coordinates the above mentioned intervention teams. The LBR hosts educational Internet pages on the topic on its website, has researched the nature, extent, and reaction to the phenomenon in four regions, and variously organized and taken part in topic specifi c discussions. discussions. Hardcore scene The hardcore scene has taken to heart the negative publicity to which it has been subject. IniIni- tiatives against discrimination and racism, such as the Gabbers against racism, , were already present in the hardcore scene. There are now also strict entrance policies at hardcore events. Discriminatory expressions expressions in the form of slogans, symbols and buttons are strictly forbidden. Patrons who publicly use the Hitler salute are removed. In June of 2005 the hardcore scene organized a large United Hardcore Against Racism & Hate party. All the big names in the hardcore world volunteered their time and a number of special tracks were released. All proceeds were donated to the LBR. Initiatives have also been taken by local groups of hardcore fans, such as the youths who had a poster made on which they stand in Lonsdale clothing brandish- ing an anti racism sign. Lonsdale Importers of Lonsdale gear saw their turnover plummet by 50%. They were severely affected by the labels negative image in the Netherlands. The company is doing all it can to counter this negative image. It offers its support and has itself realized numerous initiatives. The fi rst of its kind was the Lonsdale Loves all Colours campaign. Coloured T-shirts and buttons with the slogan were put on sale. Unfortunately the campaign had little effect. The aim of the second campaign Tough is to re-associate the label with the sport of boxing. As part of this campaign the town of Uden, where an Islamic elementary school was burned down after the murder of Van Gogh, was covered with the campaign’s posters. The label’s problem is that the media and the the vernacular speak of “Lonsdale youth”, thus putting it in a negative light. 58 Right-Extremist Sympathies among Adolescents in the Netherlands
Media Not only has the media fostered Lonsdale’s negative association with right-wing extremism, they also deserve credit in a number of cases for getting the problem on the political agenda. This is especially the case when it comes to attention at the local level. Unfortunately the meme- dia coverage has not always been balanced. While the media attention has led many youths to leaving their Lonsdale clothes in the closet, it has led others to take up wearing the clothing, thereby risking reactions from migrant groups. An effective response The preceding examination and the gathered experience lead to the conclusion that an effec- effec- tive response requires that local authorities take the lead by initiating networks in which all partners participate effectively, that these partners are attuned to each other, and that they take stock of the the problem in concert. It is moreover necessary not only to focus on the problem group but to also include all all parts of the society, including parents and other (migrant) youth. The federal government has called on municipalities to develop policies leading to an effective response. Unfortunately only a few municipalities have heeded this call. Usually municipalities only take action when acts of violence have made national news. Local authorities are only moved to action by pressure from the media, public opinion, and from higher political levels. As soon as things things quiet down things return to the status quo. The municipalities of Aalsmeer, Purmerend and Helden are positive exceptions that permanently monitor and work to keep the created networks intact. One of the biggest problems is that assessments by various local authorities differ greatly. One municipality brushes acts of violence and tensions aside as boyish pranks and adolescent behaviour, the other speaks of incidents, and only a few recognize the structural nature of the problem. To this must be added the fact that authorities and others are currently exclusively fi xated on radical Islam. What is more is that the proposed solutions are thoroughly too limited. Usually a two track policy is proposed. The role of the police and the Public Prosecutor being to repress and that of the education system to prevent. The role of the society as a whole remaining in this way unaddressed. This despite the fact that policies should extend wide enough to address the full breadth of the society. The Internet has become a free zone for hate and racism. One in fi ve employers is confronted with undesirable behaviour in the workplace. On Saturday afternoon parents yell the most disturbing things from the sidelines of the soccer fi eld on which their child is playing. Migrants, particularly Muslims, are continuously stigmatized in political and public debates. To be effective, rather than focussing exclusively on ‘problem youth’, policy should focus on the society as a whole. An effective response is only possible when enacted on all levels: on the level of both institu- institu- tions and organizations, and on both the local and national level. Unfortunately there is a Right-Extremist Sympathies among Adolescents in the Netherlands 59
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Prevention of Right-Wing Extremism,
Page 3:
Contents Michaela Glaser Introducti
Page 6 and 7:
these developments (Minkenberg, 200
Page 8 and 9: institutional framework of this pol
Page 10 and 11: lum. In addition, schools are requi
Page 12 and 13: YNGVE CARLSSON Violent Right-Wing E
Page 14 and 15: Boot Boys. They emphasize physical
Page 16 and 17: The economic explanation Norway is
Page 18 and 19: danger is of course that the proble
Page 20 and 21: “tool-bags”. In other cases the
Page 22 and 23: and Norwegian communities are trans
Page 24 and 25: The effects of such demonstrations
Page 26 and 27: Building personal relations as a st
Page 28 and 29: there is of course a possibility th
Page 30 and 31: MIRYAM ESER DAVOLIO; BRIGITTA GERBE
Page 32 and 33: & Wallerstein, 1988). Right-wing ex
Page 34 and 35: If younger people exhibit right-win
Page 36 and 37: had very different effects on attit
Page 38 and 39: For each specifi c fi eld, the the
Page 40 and 41: the problems of right-wing extremis
Page 42 and 43: The networking among community acto
Page 44 and 45: could be most successful, because i
Page 46 and 47: Eser Davolio, Miryam & Drilling, Ma
Page 48 and 49: GÉ GRUBBEN Right-Extremist Sympath
Page 50 and 51: in the way in which they accentuate
Page 52 and 53: digit membership. The mobility of t
Page 54 and 55: Strategies for combating prejudice,
Page 56 and 57: The government Right-wing extremism
Page 60 and 61: shortfall of thorough research and
Page 62 and 63: From intercultural education to act
Page 64 and 65: Appendix - Educational and children
Page 66 and 67: Experience shows that many particip
Page 68 and 69: Reliable information on members of
Page 70 and 71: to sympathy with the National Socia
Page 72 and 73: extremist activities cannot be reac
Page 74 and 75: do so, social work not only has to
Page 76 and 77: not neglect content-related dimensi
Page 78 and 79: Pingel, Andrea & Rieker, Peter (200
Page 80 and 81: Black people 23 are a lot more like
Page 82 and 83: stances that encouraged members of
Page 84 and 85: upon the forces of law and order th
Page 86 and 87: landscape in contrast to the previo
Page 88 and 89: Dealing with racism in schools Havi
Page 90 and 91: New Labour, racism and education In
Page 92 and 93: REWIND: This organisation carries o
Page 94 and 95: Gillborn, David & Mirza, Heidi (200
Page 96 and 97: GYÖRGY LIGETI & TAMÁS NYESTE Righ
Page 98 and 99: A multitude of amateur bands have s
Page 100 and 101: ner portraying all possible stereot
Page 102 and 103: like their children to get their fi
Page 104 and 105: a so-called Árpád striped fl ag,
Page 106 and 107: The Holocaust Memorial Center (www.
Page 108 and 109:
Youth work Mobilitas Youth Service
Page 110 and 111:
their programmes and projects. Rece
Page 112 and 113:
exclusion, but that they would then
Page 114 and 115:
fi remen are often greeted by stone
Page 116 and 117:
not want to meet. For example, I’
Page 118 and 119:
disserts about Islam, saying that i
Page 120 and 121:
liceman, which caused quite uproar,
Page 122 and 123:
seat, calmed, quiet. This from a ra
Page 124 and 125:
situation, which is also institutio
Page 126:
Gé Grubben: higher professional ed
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