Cognitive Semantics : Meaning and Cognition

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CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 159 The first of these operations is called domain identification. It takes the matrices of the input units and finds those domains that are present in all input units, such as 3D space in Figure 2 above. For instance, if we superimpose [SALLY] onto [UNDER].TR, the matrices of the two units and the composite would be: [SALLY]: Emotional, Spatial, Age, Color, Profession, … [UNDER].TR: Spatial → [SALLY UNDER]: Spatial That is, in the composite only the spatial domain remains. [SALLY]: Emotional, Spatial, Age, Color, Profession, … [FURIOUS].TR: Emotional, Color → [SALLY FURIOUS]: Emotional, Color If [SALLY] is superimposed onto [FURIOUS].TR instead, the composite probably contains the emotional and color domains. [STONE]: Spatial, Material, Age, Color, … [FURIOUS].TR: Emotional, Color → [STONE FURIOUS]: Color In Holmqvist (1993), a mathematical function for the calculation of the composite matrix is discussed. Here it is sufficient to point out that the domain centralities play the main role. By reducing the number of domains in activated lexical units, domain identification helps in disambiguation, as the lower number of domains restricts the number of possible meanings. 3 But domain identification also serves for anomaly detection. If only a non-central domain remains in the composite, as in the third example, then the two input units are too different to be superimposed, and an anomaly will then be signaled. Once the domains of the composite have been sorted out, the actual superimposition can start. In a common domain, each of the input units has a predication. These predications must now be joined into one, as in Figure 2. A number of operations combine to perform this welding task. Sometimes it is only a matter of seeing that two predications are both 1D-extended, as in the temporal domain examples of Figure 3.
160 KENNETH HOLMQVIST tvelwe o´clock a…ago Figure 3. However, it often happens that two predications cannot be superimposed until one of them has been turned properly, as in Figure 4. VERT Figure 4. TIME TIME NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE a…ago Also, the superimposition must map the dimensions in one predication onto the proper dimensions of the other predication. When there is only one dimension of the same type, there is no problem. See Figure 5. Schema along the pole HORIS VERT . . . SUPERIMPOSITION VERT long HORIS . . . HORIS rope Dimensions Figure 5. Extension Extension Diameter Position(s) Direction VERT day TIME SUPERIMPOSITION HORIS TIME VERT TIME HORIS NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE
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COGNITIVE SEMANTICS
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COGNITIVE SEMANTICS MEANING AND COG
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“I KNOW, WE WON’T REVOLUTIONIZE
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viii PREFACE In this book, which re
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x PREFACE different mechanisms of s
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2 JENS ALLWOOD (1974). A meaning po
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4 JENS ALLWOOD types (iii), (vi) an
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6 JENS ALLWOOD operations which can
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8 JENS ALLWOOD the sentence John lo
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10 JENS ALLWOOD leva i (live in) X
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12 JENS ALLWOOD II. Semantic-episte
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14 JENS ALLWOOD State abstract obje
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16 JENS ALLWOOD by forming krig-are
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SOME TENETS OF COGNITIVE SEMANTICS
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1. Introduction FUNCTION, COGNITION
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FUNCTION, COGNITION, AND LAYERED CL
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 67 From Vi
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knowledge, and non-understanding, e
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Table 2. Visual perception FROM VIS
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6. Results of the lexical survey FR
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 75 genomse
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kunskaper ‘knowledge’ vetande
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 79 trångs
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7. Being opaque → being abstruse,
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 83 3. Caus
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 85 Table 3
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88 ÅKE VIBERG dynamic (aspectual,
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90 ÅKE VIBERG The organization of
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92 ÅKE VIBERG The hierarchical str
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94 ÅKE VIBERG Intentional level. I
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96 ÅKE VIBERG but there is also a
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98 ÅKE VIBERG corresponds to an En
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100 ÅKE VIBERG III. Focusing of va
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102 ÅKE VIBERG Another extended se
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104 ÅKE VIBERG Och sen en stark r
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106 ÅKE VIBERG Man slås ju av att
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Page 131 and 132: 120 ÅKE VIBERG Våld våld våld.
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Page 135 and 136: 124 ÅKE VIBERG Table 13. The lexic
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Page 139 and 140: 128 ÅKE VIBERG References Aijmer,
Page 142 and 143: SPACE AND TIME 131 Space and Time E
Page 144 and 145: SPACE AND TIME 133 visual perceptio
Page 146 and 147: SPACE AND TIME 135 This strategy is
Page 148 and 149: SPACE AND TIME 137 mal] with the va
Page 150 and 151: SPACE AND TIME 139 The articulatory
Page 152 and 153: SPACE AND TIME 141 in relation to a
Page 154 and 155: SPACE AND TIME 143 moment represent
Page 156 and 157: SPACE AND TIME 145 tion through the
Page 158 and 159: SPACE AND TIME 147 temporal sense (
Page 160 and 161: Notes SPACE AND TIME 149 1. In talk
Page 162 and 163: SPACE AND TIME 151 Johnson, M. 1987
Page 164 and 165: 1. Introduction CONCEPTUAL ENGINEER
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Page 168 and 169: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 157 The exam
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Page 174 and 175: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 163 Figure 8
Page 176 and 177: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 165 Let us f
Page 178 and 179: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 167 can be f
Page 180 and 181: Suggesting Figure 13. Params Evalua
Page 182: References CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 1
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Page 187 and 188: 176 JORDAN ZLATEV learner’s behav
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Page 201 and 202: 190 JORDAN ZLATEV The experiments w
Page 203 and 204: 192 JORDAN ZLATEV 2. Thus the pictu
Page 205 and 206: 194 JORDAN ZLATEV Small, S., Cottre
Page 207 and 208: 196 INDEX OF NAMES Husserl, E. 4 J
Page 210 and 211: A abstract 132 Abstract agent 11 ab
Page 212 and 213: possible worlds 19, 21, 26, 31 post
Page 214 and 215: 22. AUER, Peter and Aldo Di LUZIO (
Page 216: 69. NOH, Eun-Ju: The Semantics and
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Cognitive Semantics : Meaning and Cognition

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