Cognitive Semantics : Meaning and Cognition

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CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 161 But when there are several dimensions of that type in the other predication, as in Figure 6, another mapping principle must be adopted. Schema Dimensions Extension Extension A: 2:nd largest value Extension B: largest value Extension C: least value Direction A: vertical • Figure 6. A C B The solution suggested in Holmqvist (1993) is based on the thorough investigation of the dimensional mapping principles constructed by Lang et al. (1991). Lang presents a complete model of spatial configurations based on how dimensional adjectives apply to them, and a part of our project is to translate Lang’s model into a model that can function as a domain-general mechanism for superimposition of configurations (Holmqvist 1995). The turning and tilting mechanisms of Figure 4 are derived from this work. For figure 6, the application of Lang’s model means that the extension dimension in [LONG] should map onto the extension dimension in [WALL] having the largest value. input level part level Figure 7. John walk.TR snake walk.TR
162 KENNETH HOLMQVIST Let us now turn to Part accommodation. Even if we are successful in mapping dimensions, turning and adjusting the predications at the input (matrix) level, there are also predications to be superimposed at the part level. Figure 7 illustrates how an unproblematic superimposition of 1D-directed spatial predications at the input level is followed by different superimpositions of parts. Of these two cases, only the left one is successful: Every part of [WALK].TR is assigned a part in [JOHN]. There is no mismatch like there is between [SNAKE] and [WALK].TR. If one looks at a larger number of cases where parts are superimposed (cf. Holmqvist 1993), it seems as if superimposition of parts consists of two operations: first, each part in one lexical unit must be mapped onto a part in the other lexical unit; second, each such pair of parts must be superimposable. Thus, the legs and feet of [JOHN] must be attached at the same place and have the same directionality and extension as the legs and feet of the generic walker [WALK].TR, as well as having basically the same domains in their matrices. The wholes are in a way the opposites of the parts. Superimposing wholes in a similar way to that used above for superimposing parts is a mechanism for dealing with important but slightly subtle semantic effects. Take as an example the difference between “John used to row above the shoals” and “John used to row above the hills”. input level parts at the whole level Figure 8. row the shoals
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COGNITIVE SEMANTICS
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COGNITIVE SEMANTICS MEANING AND COG
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“I KNOW, WE WON’T REVOLUTIONIZE
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viii PREFACE In this book, which re
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x PREFACE different mechanisms of s
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2 JENS ALLWOOD (1974). A meaning po
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4 JENS ALLWOOD types (iii), (vi) an
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6 JENS ALLWOOD operations which can
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8 JENS ALLWOOD the sentence John lo
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10 JENS ALLWOOD leva i (live in) X
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12 JENS ALLWOOD II. Semantic-episte
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14 JENS ALLWOOD State abstract obje
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16 JENS ALLWOOD by forming krig-are
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SOME TENETS OF COGNITIVE SEMANTICS
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1. Introduction FUNCTION, COGNITION
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FUNCTION, COGNITION, AND LAYERED CL
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 67 From Vi
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knowledge, and non-understanding, e
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Table 2. Visual perception FROM VIS
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6. Results of the lexical survey FR
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 75 genomse
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kunskaper ‘knowledge’ vetande
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 79 trångs
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7. Being opaque → being abstruse,
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 83 3. Caus
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FROM VISION TO COGNITION 85 Table 3
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88 ÅKE VIBERG dynamic (aspectual,
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90 ÅKE VIBERG The organization of
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92 ÅKE VIBERG The hierarchical str
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94 ÅKE VIBERG Intentional level. I
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96 ÅKE VIBERG but there is also a
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98 ÅKE VIBERG corresponds to an En
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100 ÅKE VIBERG III. Focusing of va
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102 ÅKE VIBERG Another extended se
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104 ÅKE VIBERG Och sen en stark r
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106 ÅKE VIBERG Man slås ju av att
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108 ÅKE VIBERG The second use of s
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Page 125 and 126: 114 ÅKE VIBERG ‘at poker’ Per
Page 127 and 128: 116 ÅKE VIBERG Han slog ihop matse
Page 129 and 130: 118 ÅKE VIBERG Table 10. The lexic
Page 131 and 132: 120 ÅKE VIBERG Våld våld våld.
Page 133 and 134: 122 ÅKE VIBERG Table 12. Major cla
Page 135 and 136: 124 ÅKE VIBERG Table 13. The lexic
Page 137 and 138: 126 ÅKE VIBERG Han rev loss en sid
Page 139 and 140: 128 ÅKE VIBERG References Aijmer,
Page 142 and 143: SPACE AND TIME 131 Space and Time E
Page 144 and 145: SPACE AND TIME 133 visual perceptio
Page 146 and 147: SPACE AND TIME 135 This strategy is
Page 148 and 149: SPACE AND TIME 137 mal] with the va
Page 150 and 151: SPACE AND TIME 139 The articulatory
Page 152 and 153: SPACE AND TIME 141 in relation to a
Page 154 and 155: SPACE AND TIME 143 moment represent
Page 156 and 157: SPACE AND TIME 145 tion through the
Page 158 and 159: SPACE AND TIME 147 temporal sense (
Page 160 and 161: Notes SPACE AND TIME 149 1. In talk
Page 162 and 163: SPACE AND TIME 151 Johnson, M. 1987
Page 164 and 165: 1. Introduction CONCEPTUAL ENGINEER
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Page 168 and 169: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 157 The exam
Page 170 and 171: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 159 The firs
Page 174 and 175: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 163 Figure 8
Page 176 and 177: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 165 Let us f
Page 178 and 179: CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 167 can be f
Page 180 and 181: Suggesting Figure 13. Params Evalua
Page 182: References CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING 1
Page 185 and 186: 174 JORDAN ZLATEV which need to be
Page 187 and 188: 176 JORDAN ZLATEV learner’s behav
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Page 201 and 202: 190 JORDAN ZLATEV The experiments w
Page 203 and 204: 192 JORDAN ZLATEV 2. Thus the pictu
Page 205 and 206: 194 JORDAN ZLATEV Small, S., Cottre
Page 207 and 208: 196 INDEX OF NAMES Husserl, E. 4 J
Page 210 and 211: A abstract 132 Abstract agent 11 ab
Page 212 and 213: possible worlds 19, 21, 26, 31 post
Page 214 and 215: 22. AUER, Peter and Aldo Di LUZIO (
Page 216: 69. NOH, Eun-Ju: The Semantics and
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Cognitive Semantics : Meaning and Cognition

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