A flora of Manila - Rainforestation

398
A FLORA OF MANILA
the back. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, the nutlets about 5 mm long, their
inner faces rugose.
In waste places, cultivated lands, etc., occasional, fl. July-Jan.; Iqcal in
the Philippines and undoubtedly introduced. India to Persia and Mauritius.
2. T. ZEYLANICUM (L.) R. Br.
An erect, branched, pubescent and hirsute, annual herb 30 to 70 cm high.
Leaves oblong to lanceolate, 5 to 12 cm long, shortly petioled, narrowed at
the acute base, obtuse to slightly acuminate, the upper ones much reduced,
bristly-hairy, the hairs springing fx-om tubercles on the upper surface, the
lower surface pubescent and with longer hairs on the nerves. Flowers longpedicelled,
in axillary and terminal racemes fox-ming a leafy panicle. Calyx
densely pubescent, about 1 cm long in flower, the sepals increasing in size
and surrounding fruit, rounded or acute at the base, acuminate. Corolla
pale-blue, about 1.3 cm in diameter.
Occasional in open waste places, fallow lands, etc., fl. March-June; widely
distributed in Luzon, but certainly introduced here. India to the Mascarene
Islands through Malaya to Australia.
6. COLDENIA Linnaeus
Prostrate scabrous herbs with alternate, crisped leaves. Flowers small,
axillary, sessile, solitaxy, or the upper ones in a shox-t, one-sided, leafy
spike. Sepals 4 or 5. Corolla'tube short, the lobes 4 or 5, spreading,
imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as the cox-oUa-lobes, inserted on the
tube. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled, or nearly 4-celled. Style terminal,
bifid. Fruit nearly dry, of 4, subconnate, 1-seeded pyrenes. (In honor of
G. Colden, lieutenant-governor of New Yox-k, a corx-espondent of Linnaeus.)
Species about 11, all tropical American, except the following widely
distributed one.
1. C. PROCUMBENS L.
An annual, pubescent herb, the branches procumbent, spreading flat on
the ground, up to 25 cm in length. Leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate, the
nerves deeply impressed, obtuse, coarsely crenate, base very strongly
inequilateral, 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers white, small. Pyrenes slightly
muricate, subconnate into an acute, 4-ribbed, conical fruit 3 to 4 mm in
diameter.
In open dry waste places. La Loma, fl. Dec.-Feb.; widely distributed in
the Philippines, but of local occurx-ence in and about towns, and certainly
introduced. All tropical countries; probably a native of tropical America.
121. VERBENACEAE (VERBENA or MoLAVE Family)
Herbs, vines, shrubs, or trees, with opposite, simple or digitate leaves, the
stipules none. Inflorescence axillai-y or terminal, spicate, racemose or
cymose, the cymes often arranged in panicles, the bracts small to large.
Calyx sometimes accrescent, 4- or 5-toothed or truncate, teeth rarely more
numerous. Corolla-tube long or short, usually cylindric, the limb 2-lipped
or subequally 4- or 5-, rarely many-lobed. Stamens 4, in 2 unequal pairs,
sometimes equal and 5 or 6 or more. Ovary superior, free, usually of 2
carpels, 2- to 8-celled or sub-1-celled, entire or 4-lobed. Fruit drupaceous
or capsular, 1- to 4-celled, the cells 1-seeded.
Genera 77, species about 900, chiefly tropical, in both hemispheres, 15
genera and about 90 species in the Philippines.