A flora of Manila - Rainforestation

COMPOSITAE 467
tacle naked. Corollas all equal, regular, tubular, slender, 5-lobed or toothed.
Anthers appendagcd, the base obtuse. Style-arms long. Achcnes truncate,
5-angled or 5-ribbed; pappus-hairs in one series, many, rigid, scabrid.
(Dedicated to Eupator Mithridates, who is said to have used the European
species in medicine.)
Species more than 400, chiefly American, 4 or 5 in the Philippines, the
following introduced and cultivated.
* 1. E. TRIPLINERVE Vahl (E. ayapana Vent.). Ayapana (Sp.-Fil.).
A glabrous perennial herb, the stems suffrutescent at the base, ascending.
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, triplinerved, narrowed at both ends, acute or
acuminate, distantly denticulate or nearly entire, 5 to 8 cm long. Corymbs
lax, the heads many, pedicelled, about 20-flowered, the involucral bracts
in about one series, with some shorter outer ones, linear, acuminate, unequal,
somewhat puberulent.
Occasionally cultivated, Pasay, said to flower in January. A native of
tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics, cultivated and
spontaneous.
3. AGERATUM Linnaeus
Erect, branched, pubescent herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper ones
alternate. Heads white or pale-blue, corjinbose or panicled. Involucre of
2 or 3 series of linear, subequal bracts. Corollas all tubular, regular, 5cleft.
Achenes 5-angled; pappus of 5, short, free or connate scales. (A
name used by Dioscorides for the everlastings.)
Species about 16, all American, 1 now in all tropical countries.
1. A. CONYZOIDES L. Bulac-manoc (Tag.).
An annual, erect, branched, somewhat aromatic, hispidly hairy, slender,
rather stout herb 30 to 60 cm high. Leaves ovate, crenate, acute, 5 to 13
cm long. Heads small, in rather dense terminal corymbs, about 5 mm
long and thick, the bracts green, acute or acuminate. Flowers numerous,
white or very pale-blue. Achenes black, the pappus of 5 av^nied scales,
often serrate below. (Fl. Filip. pi. 368.)
A common weed in waste places, fl. all the year; throughout the Philip-
pines. A native of Mexico, now in all tropical countries.
4. EMILIA Cassini
Annual or perennial erect herbs, glabrous or hairy, often glaucous.
Leaves mostly radical, crowded, petioled, entire, toothed, or lyrately lobed,
those of the stem few, clasping, smaller. Heads long-peduncled, loosely
corymbose, homogamous, red or purplish. Flowers all perfect, tubular,
the limb long, 5-toothed. Involucre cylindric, the bracts 1-seriate, free or
cohering below, the bracteoles none. Achenes subterete or angled, 5-ribbed;
pappus-hairs copious, soft, slender, white.
Species 6 or 8 in tropical Africa, Asia, and Malaya, about 3 in the
Philippines.
1. E. SONCHIFOLIA (L.) DC. Tugulinao (Tag.).
An erect or ascending, variable, glabrous or sparingly hairy, more
or less branched plant 10 to 40 cm high. Leaves somewhat fleshy, the
lower ones lyrate-lobed or sinuate-toothed, 5 to 10 cm long, the upper ones
much smaller and usually entire, all sessile, and somewhat clasping the