A concise and simplified grammar of the Spanish language

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 45
Su casa de él. His house.
Su casa de ella. Her house.
Su casa de ellos, or ellas. Their house.
We may also say, La casa de él, his house ; La casa de
ella, her house, &c.
123. In alludmg to any particular part or member of a
person or thing, as being affected by a verb, or to any thing
worn by, or appertaining to that person or thing ; instead
of the possessive pro7ioun employed in English in reference
to it, a personal pronoun in the dative case, is used in
Spanish in reference to the object itself, and a definite
article points out the particular part of the object affected
by the verb : Ex.
I wounded his arm. Yo le herí el brazo.
He struck me on my head. Me dio en la cabeza.
They took away our swords. Nos quitaron las espadas.
124. In all these examples the possessive Pronoun in
English refers to the object of the verb alone ; when, however,
it refers to the nominative of the Verb as well, the
the definite article only is sufficient in Spanish, unless the
Verb is used reflectively : Ex.
She lost her sight. Ha perdido la vista.
He drew out his sword. Sacó la espada.
My head aches. Me duele la cabeza.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
125. In Spanish there are three kinds of demonstrative
Pronouns: the first, estCf refers to an object near to the
speaker ; the second, ese, refers to an object that is nearer
to the person or thing spoken to, than to the speaker ; and
the third, aquel, refers to an object that is distant both from
the speaker, and from the object spoken to : Ex.
Este libro que estoy leyendo, ese This book which I am reading,
tratado que tiene Vmd. en la that treatise which you have in
mano, y aquel folleto que está your hand, and that pamphlet
sobre la mesa. which is on the table.