A concise and simplified grammar of the Spanish language

RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 47
130. The expressions namely, and that is, or that is to say,
are translated esto es : Ex.
Le encomendé que no anduviera I desired him not to walk much ;
mucho ; esto es, que solo hiciese that is, that he should only take
un poco de egercicio. a little exercise.
Me dijo que le comprara lo si- He told me to purchase him the
guiente, esto es. following, namely.
THE ARTICLE USED INSTEAD OF THE DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUN.
131. When in English the demonstrative Pronoun is followed
by who, ivhich, or thai, expressed or understood, it is
sometimes rendered in Spanish by the definite Article, This,
however, is not to be comprehended as a general rule : in
this case, the employment of the one in preference to the
other, is a mere matter of taste, although the demonstrative
Pronoun appears to identify more particularly the object to
which it refers : Ex.
Mis libros y los que Vmd. compró. My books and those (that) you
bought.
Los que lo dicen se engañan. Those who say so are mistaken.
Tráigame Vmd. el que vi ayer. Bring me that which I saw yesterday.
132. Also when the EngViúi personal Pronoun is followed
by who or that, expressed or understood, it may be either
translated by the Article, or by the demonstrative Pronoun
aquel : Ex.
El que es sabio, or, aquel que es
sabio.
He that is wise.
Los que or aquellos que lo dicen. They who say so.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
133. There are four relative Pronouns in Spanish,
namely, quien, who ; cual, which ; que, who, which, or
that ; and cuyo, whose or of which. Whom, is rendered á