A concise and simplified grammar of the Spanish language

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68 ETYMOLOGY AND SYNTAX.
El vino ya estd agrio. The wine is already sour.
Estd cojo de una caida. He is lame from a fall.
Estan en Madrid. They are in Madrid.
Estaré aquí mañana. I shall be here to-morrow.
Está muy triste. She is very sad.
Estoy bueno—Estoy malo. I am well—I am ill.
In the following example, the learner will observe the
striking diíFerence in the meaning of these two Verbs :
Este es el niño que estd indis- This is the child that is unwell,
puesto.
Here we see that the essential being of the child, is expressed
by ser, but the accidental circumstance of its being
unwell, is denoted by estar.
In speaking of a fruit, the peculiar nature of which is
sour, we say, Esta fruta es agria. This fruit is sour; but by
changing the Verb ser into estar, it would denote that the
fruit became sour by some accidental circumstance, and not
that it belonged to any species of fruit of a naturally sour
kind.
We must employ the Verb ser, also, to express possession,
and also to denote what a thing is intended for : Ex.
La hacienda es suya, pero el dinero The property is his, but the money
es mio. is mine.
Los libros son para estudiar. Books are to study by.
Esta carta es para Vmd. This letter is for you.
Some Adjectives also vary their meaning, according as
they are employed with ser or estar : Ex.
Ser bueno— Estar bueno. To be good—To be well.
Ser vivo Estar vivo. To be lively—To be alive.
Ser despierto—Estar despierto. To le vigilant—To be awake.
Ser malo—Estar malo. To be wicked—To be unwell.
CONJUGATION OF REGULAR VERBS.
174. The infinitives of all Spanish Verbs end in one or
other of the following terminations, namely, ar, er, ir ; as
hablar, to speak ; temer, to fear ; sufrir, to suffer : those
ending in ar, are of the first conjugation ; those in er, of the