The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...

Fig. 25. Origins of the Cretan hieroglyphic script. (a) Luwian hieroglyphic
(56 signs); (b) Egyptian hieroglyphic (14 signs). 641
1 Egypt; 2 Byblos; 3 Cyprus; 4 Asia Minor; 5 Crete; 6 mainland
Greece
As to the linguistic context of the signs discussed
above, this has been dealt with elsewhere as far as the discus
of Phaistos (# 333), 642 the double-axe from Arkalokhori
(# 332), the altar-stone from Malia (# 328), the seals
from Zyro (# 193, # 277), Malia (# 271), Neapolis (#
314), 643 and Sitia (# 310), 644 and the recurrent formulas
are concerned. It therefore may suffice here, as an example
of what the analysis of the signs may lead up to in the field
of linguistics, to present an overview of seals recording the
categories (1) “man’s name” (= MN) and (2) “title” or (1)
“MN”, (2) “title”, and (3) “place or country name” (see table
8 and Fig. 26) – categories to be expected on seals in
the light of the parallels: compare, for example, the Luwian
hieroglyphic part of the Tarkondemos seal, bearing
the legend TARKU-tí+mi H ANTAWAT mi+r(a)-à UTNA “Tarkondemos,
king (of) the land Mira”, 645 or that of the seal
of Kuzitesup from Lidarhöyük, reading ku-zi ! -TESUP-pa
H ANTAWAT ká+r-ka-mi-sà TAL-mi-TESUP-pa H ANTAWAT
ká+r-ka-mi-sà (…) infans “Kuzitesup, king of Karkamis,
641 Diagram drawn by Wim van Binsbergen.
642 Best & Woudhuizen 1988: 30-84; Best & Woudhuizen 1989:
65-97; Woudhuizen 1992a: 11-41; Achterberg, Best, Enzler,
Rietveld & Woudhuizen 2004.
643 Best & Woudhuizen 1989: 97-128.
644 Woudhuizen 2002a.
645 Best & Woudhuizen 1989: 108-11; cf. Hawkins 2003: 144,
Fig. 1a and Woudhuizen 2005 : appendix I.
128
son of Talmitesup, king of Karkamis, (…)”. 646
Most of the MNs are of Luwian type: Muwas (cf. Hittite
Muwatallis), 647 Partarus (= Lydian Bartara), 648 Nuwas
(cf. Cappadocian reduplicated Nuwanuwas), 649
Taparas (= Lycian Daparas), 650 Tarkus, Tarkumuwas (=
Cilician Tarkoms), 651 and possibly Manas (= Lydian
Manes). 652 Next, one is of Kaskan type: Pitaparas (= Kaskan
Pittaparas), 653 whereas the first element of Ankiwas
seems to recall that of Trojan Ankhises. 654 Furthermore,
under consideration of the fact that Cretan hieroglyphic [l]
may also express [r], Yatale corresponds to Ugaritic Ytr as
in Bnytr (Bin-ia-ta-ri), Ytrhd (Yatar-addu), Ytršp (Ia-tarrašap),
etc. 655 Finally, under consideration of the aforesaid
interchangeability of [l] with [r] and on the analogy of
Luwian hieroglyphic Murlis and Halis, 656
Manile may657 be analyzed as an abridged form of Egyptian
Men-r‘.
Of the titles, laparnas (= Hittite labarnas) 658 , PÁRAcustos
“viceroy” (cf. titles like Latin pro-consul), and
tupa- “scribe” 659 are of Anatolian type. Next, pini
corresponds to Semitic bn as in Ugaritic bn Lky “representative
of the Lycians”. 660 Finally, bi’ty or pit or piti is
646 Hawkins 2000: 574-5; cf. Hawkins 2003, 144, Fig. 1c.
647 Hawkins 2003: 144, Fig. 1b.
648 Gusmani, 1964: 264, no. 40, 2; cf. Best & Woudhuizen 1989:
126; Woudhuizen forthc. 2.
649 Laroche 1966, s.v.; cf. Best & Woudhuizen 1989: 126.
650 Friedrich 1932: 55, TL 6, 1; cf. Best & Woudhuizen 1989:
126.
651 Houwink ten Cate 1961: 127.
652 Gusmani 1964: 250, no. 1, 3; 252, no. 4a, 1 and no. 4b, 1; cf.
Best & Woudhuizen 1989: 126. I cannot resist the temptation to
suggest that we may actually be dealing here with the Cretan royal
name Minos; note in this connection that # 257 is the most beautiful
seal, used by Evans for the cover of his book on the topic!
653 Von Schuler 1965: Indices, 2. Personennamen, s.v.
654 Homeros, Iliad II, 820, etc.
655 Gröndahl 1967, s.v. ytr.
656 Beran 1967: nos. 180 (um+r-li) and 186 (®á+li).
657 Ranke 1935, s.v. mn-®pr-r‘.
658 Friedrich 1991, s.v.; cf. Best & Woudhuizen 1989: 117-8.
659 Laroche 1960a: *326.
660 Gordon 1955: glossary, s.v.; Astour 1964: 194; Woudhuizen