Mineral Resources Potential - Geothermal Resources

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Metallic M inds 93 The Kenticha rm-metal pegmatite-granite is typified by ore mineral associations such as Ta, Nb. Li, Be, Ce. This mineral association is metallogneticall y very significant suggesting that the parental rock where feIsic magma derived from melting of sedimentary or supracrustal protoits. Further more, studies by Solomon Tadesse and Zerihun Desta on whole rock analyses from the Kenticha pegmatite granite have shown that an Fe203/FeO ratio (useful discriminant between I-type with Fe203M.3 and S- type, with ratio Fe2031Fe0
94 <strong>Mineral</strong> <strong>Resources</strong> PotenIial of Ethiopia chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur. This highly fluid, aqueous melt provided an environment for concentration of chemical elements with ionic sizes too great to fit into crystalline structures of major rock forming minds; these elements were thus concentrated in pegmatite deposits. The occurrence of pegmatite corresponding to most plutonic rock compositions gabbros, diorites, syenites, anorthosites further suggests this possibility. Other pegmatites grade into the rocks that surround them and show no intrusive relationships. Such bodies may represent material produced by melting (anatexis) during metamorphism at high temperatures and pressures. Some elements and fluids may be literally "sweated out" of a rock complex during metamorphism, well known because it conrains crystals of many different minerals. This rock is pushed up as large veins of magma that was rich in volatile elements, resulting in large crystals, usuaIly surrounded by grantic rocks. Pegmatites may be composed of a variety of minerals. Terms such as granite pegrn'atite, gabbro pegmatite, syenite pegmatite, or names with any other plutonic rock type as prefix are used. Compositions in the range horn granodiorite to granite are common. Large crystals of quartz, potassium feldspar, sodium rich plagioclase, and micas (e.g., muscovite and lepidolite) may be abundant. Simple pegmatites contain few, if my, exotic minerals. The center zones of complex pegmatites, however, may contain a wide variety of minerds such as tourmaline, topaz, garnet, spodurnene, scapoli te, ber y 1, apatite, fluorite, zircon, and various rare minds, some limited to only a few localities in the world. GEM quality stones are sought in such rocks. Elements such as tungsten, boron, tantalum, columbium, bismuth, tin, uranium, radium, sheet mi&, and sulfide minerals of various metallic elements are among substances obtained from pegmatite deposits. As to the origin of Tantalum, during fractional crystallization, water and elements that do not enter the minerals
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Mineral Resources Potential of Ethi
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3.6 Chromite ......................
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ii Mineral Resources Potential of E
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iv Mineral Resources Potential of E
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2 Mineral kurces Potential of Ethio
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41 Mhal Rmum Potential of Ethiopia
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6 Mined Resources Potential of Ethi
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up the marine Mmic sequence within
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10 Mineral Resources Potmtia! of Et
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Map of East Africa showing some of
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~aln-ggrwpll ~lrln lll~ ~gpb) "comp
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g 8 2 550-500 Ma? Y7 Pan African om
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Gmlogical uuliinr: 1 9 Red Sea and
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Geological outline 2.1 ' 01' hhiopi
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24 Mineral Resourca Potential of Et
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26 Mineral Resources Potential of E
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28 Mineral Resources Potential of M
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Geoloaicsll outline 3 1 Sllc Sedime
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- Kenya border (e.g. Haramsam, Hasa
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I 987). Origin oed~g~&#&-$hg f ~ l
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Metallic M W s 37 jewelry, gold is
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Metallic Minerals 39 to 40O0c). The
Page 51 and 52: Omgenic mesolhermal gold deposits i
Page 53 and 54: Metallic Mincrals 43 quartz schists
Page 56: Ah Mincml RLWUKCS l'utential or Eth
Page 59 and 60: '-& -. ,.:& Metallic Minds 49. - -
Page 62 and 63: . 46 '& 52 Mineral Resources Potent
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Page 68 and 69: wide. Propylitic dtetatibln,~ which
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Page 72 and 73: I' Other sidlar structures ~ b lof
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Page 76 and 77: , suggesting either- .prefeferftiti
Page 78 and 79: 68 Minerat Rcsouwcs Potential of Et
Page 81 and 82: I Figure 16 Plawrgoldminiihm adoepp
Page 83 and 84: Platinum deposits in Ethiopia Mcmll
Page 85 and 86: Metallic Minwala 75 for mineralized
Page 87 and 88: Metallic Minerals 77 Pigrrro 18 A)
Page 89 and 90: 80 Mineral Resources Potentid of Et
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Page 95 and 96: Figure 28 Tantslite promsing plant;
Page 97 and 98: 88 Mineral Resourn Potential of Eth
Page 99 and 100: SEPI* 3 Km 0- Figure 30 Geology of
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Page 109 and 110: 100 Mineral Resources Potential of
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Page 118 and 119: 3.6 Chromite Metallic Minerals 109
Page 120 and 121: 3.7 Manganese deposit Occurrence Me
Page 122 and 123: Metallic Minalals 1 13 ,. 3.8 Base
Page 124 and 125: ,3 I MetallicMinerals 115 I But mor
Page 126 and 127: Metallic Minemls 1 17 water colours
Page 128 and 129: Metallic Minds 119 sediments over t
Page 130 and 131: 1 Metallic M inds 121 into most sil
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 4 Industrial minerals Indus
Page 134 and 135: Industrial Minerals 125 dolomite. M
Page 136 and 137: Induslrid M i d 127 concentration o
Page 138 and 139: 43 Bentonite Industrial Minerals 12
Page 140 and 141: alteration (hydrothermal and weathe
Page 142 and 143: silica sand, by the capacity of the
Page 144 and 145: &ted at ksevd. hundnL million .tons
Page 146 and 147: I FIm 33 Magtmite block from ~h mag
Page 148 and 149: 4.8 Talc Occurrence Industrial M in
Page 150 and 151: ~ .. - Industrial Minerals .. 14 1
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hx several. fum incldiing ;, glass
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Itldwtrial Minds 143 Specific varie
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I ndusttial Minerals 147 The formul
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InaustrialMbemls 149 southwestern E
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Applications Industrial Minerals 15
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,+ Industrial MimlS : -153 977 also
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I I I ApplCcp1tio1~~ Indudrial Mine
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I .. ' - , . . -. .-..- - , , , ,,.
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1 I Industrial Mjnorah '1 59 (bariu
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Industrial Minerals 161 called p om
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ammonium-nitrogen by ion dchange an
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Industrial Minerals 165 Moyale grap
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1 ' ".:-' 168 :@inaal .Reso~r&:Potm
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w;i;y Gems~ones and Semi-precious S
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6.1 Corundum (ruby and sapphire) Sa
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I 1 b Gemstones and Semi-precious S
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Gemstones and Semi-~wious Stones 19
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Gemstones and hi-&ws Stones 195 Bab
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1 Gemstones and Semi-prmious Stones
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7.1 Fossil fuels Chapter 7 Energy R
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Energy Kesoams 20 1 CreWus Age (abo
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, m Enwgy Resources 203 dull materi
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P . , Ug&e (CbilgiType) hrw mrces 2
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General characteristics of the coal
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I I I t ! a Five principal tmigenou
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Enagy Resou- 2 1 1 commenced with q
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" ' le 1 ' Other cod (lignite) occu
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I - 7.13 Oil and gas Energy Reso- 2
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Top petroleum-produchg countries En
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Enew Resources 2 19 gas resources i
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underneath the Tertiary rift strata
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En- Resowlew ~3 dry rock, geopressd
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Y I Resources Potential of Ethiopia
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228 Mineral P O W of Ethiopia
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230 Mineral Rwurces Potential of mh
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232 Mind Resources Potentid of Ethi
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Summary and concludons The aim of t
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@ G;' 240 Mind Resou- Potential of
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References Abdelselam, M.G., Stm, R
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!J ; northem sector of the MER: rel
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Getaneh, A,, Saxena, G.N. (1 984).
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hkC~ux, E., Milk&, J.P.) (1993). Le
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-= 251 Reinhardt, P., Sisay, D. "Ev
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254 Mineral Resouroes Potential of
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Annex 1. Major mineral deposits of
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260 Mineral Resources Potential of
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I 1 NAME Afa (Dabw Insin) Ahtu Afla
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Gaada GLidmol a i i 2 Gbimira bkn G
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- - NAME IDEhTlF. SUBSTANCE Lake nb
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NAME I Sam (Ni) Ss-w IDENTIF. SUBST
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I NAME Kanticba (Au) Ogaden (htr, O
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280 Minerd Remmxs Potential of Ethi
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286 Miml Resources Potential of Eth
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I exploration ZBO Mind Resources Po
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Mineral Resources Potential - Geothermal Resources

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