Mineral Resources Potential - Geothermal Resources

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underneath the Tertiary rift strata is also possible. Organic-rich oil shale with an average oil yield of 8 lidton. occurs in a regionally WSW-ENE extending Tertiary basin in the northern part of the Southern Rift basins (Ethiopian Ministry of Mines and Energy. 1995). Other basins are less explored and have scarce data with . respect to hydrocarbon potential. The whole Ogaden Basin (S-E Ethiopia) has both potential for oil and gas. \ - Qwo 55 hqwdvo sadimsnEary bins ofEtbioph ((Etbpb of Mines 7.1.3 Oil shale Oil shale is considered to l>e formed by the deposition of organic matter in lakes, lagoons and restricted estuarine areas swll as t ard 8neagy, 1995).
222 Mind Resources Potential of Ethiopia oxbow lakes and muskegs. Generally, oil shales are considered to Ix formed by accumulation of algai debris. Oil can be extracted from oil shale, but they must be heated to high enough temperatures to drive the oil out. Since this process quires a lot of energy, exploitation of oil shale is not currently cost-effective, but may become so as other sources of petroleum become depleted. Known deposits of oil shale are extensive, Unlike coal, oil shale does not necessarily require low mineral and ash content, as it is not used for burning, and mineral waste in oil liquefaction plants is easier to deal with. Eventually, and usually due to the initial onset of orogeny or other tectonic events, the algal swamp-forming environment is disrupted and oil shale accun~ulation ceases. Oil shale is known as 'rock that bums'. Oil shale occurrenm in Ethiopia Oil shale is said to occur in the south western P h u of the a country and between Lake Ziway and Lake Abyiata in the valleys of the Bulbul River and its tributaries. The fluvid-lacustrine oil shale bearing formations of Delbi, Mefeso, Lalo-Sapo, Solo, Soyoma, and Mojo-Anchema are an Inter-Trappean continental sedimentadon on the south western Plateau of Ethiopia. The deposits occur intercalated within Cenozoic volcanics. The oil shale is characterized by high ash contents, low calorific value and low fixed carbon. The Pelbi oil shale has a fixed carbon ranging from 27.6%83,0% and a calorific value r&iging from 58 1-6,165 kcalkg. Recent drillidg data proved the presence of 1W120 million tons of oil shale deposits at Delbi (Wolela, 199 1 ; 1995). No details are known for the Bulbul River deposits. 7.2 Geothermal raources Geothermal energy resources result from complex geologic processes that lead to heat concentration at accessible depths. The different forms of gmthermd energy resources-hydmthed, hot
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Mineral Resources Potential of Ethi
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3.6 Chromite ......................
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ii Mineral Resources Potential of E
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iv Mineral Resources Potential of E
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2 Mineral kurces Potential of Ethio
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41 Mhal Rmum Potential of Ethiopia
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6 Mined Resources Potential of Ethi
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up the marine Mmic sequence within
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10 Mineral Resources Potmtia! of Et
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Map of East Africa showing some of
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~aln-ggrwpll ~lrln lll~ ~gpb) "comp
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g 8 2 550-500 Ma? Y7 Pan African om
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Gmlogical uuliinr: 1 9 Red Sea and
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Geological outline 2.1 ' 01' hhiopi
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24 Mineral Resourca Potential of Et
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26 Mineral Resources Potential of E
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28 Mineral Resources Potential of M
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Geoloaicsll outline 3 1 Sllc Sedime
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- Kenya border (e.g. Haramsam, Hasa
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I 987). Origin oed~g~&#&-$hg f ~ l
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Metallic M W s 37 jewelry, gold is
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Metallic Minerals 39 to 40O0c). The
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Omgenic mesolhermal gold deposits i
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Metallic Mincrals 43 quartz schists
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Ah Mincml RLWUKCS l'utential or Eth
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'-& -. ,.:& Metallic Minds 49. - -
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. 46 '& 52 Mineral Resources Potent
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k 56 Mineral Rtsoum Potential of Et
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wide. Propylitic dtetatibln,~ which
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60 Mineral Rrsources Potential of E
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I' Other sidlar structures ~ b lof
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64 Mineral Resourax Potential of Et
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, suggesting either- .prefeferftiti
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68 Minerat Rcsouwcs Potential of Et
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I Figure 16 Plawrgoldminiihm adoepp
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Platinum deposits in Ethiopia Mcmll
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Metallic Minwala 75 for mineralized
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Metallic Minerals 77 Pigrrro 18 A)
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80 Mineral Resources Potentid of Et
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J I, i < f 82 Mineral Resources Pot
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Figure 28 Tantslite promsing plant;
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88 Mineral Resourn Potential of Eth
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SEPI* 3 Km 0- Figure 30 Geology of
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...k; *.-, 92 Mineral Rwurces Poten
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94 Mineral Resources PotenIial of E
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98 Mineral Resources Potmtial of Et
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100 Mineral Resources Potential of
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106 Minwal Resources Potmtial of Et
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3.6 Chromite Metallic Minerals 109
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3.7 Manganese deposit Occurrence Me
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Metallic Minalals 1 13 ,. 3.8 Base
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,3 I MetallicMinerals 115 I But mor
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Metallic Minemls 1 17 water colours
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Metallic Minds 119 sediments over t
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1 Metallic M inds 121 into most sil
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Chapter 4 Industrial minerals Indus
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Industrial Minerals 125 dolomite. M
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Induslrid M i d 127 concentration o
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43 Bentonite Industrial Minerals 12
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alteration (hydrothermal and weathe
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silica sand, by the capacity of the
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&ted at ksevd. hundnL million .tons
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I FIm 33 Magtmite block from ~h mag
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4.8 Talc Occurrence Industrial M in
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~ .. - Industrial Minerals .. 14 1
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hx several. fum incldiing ;, glass
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Itldwtrial Minds 143 Specific varie
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I ndusttial Minerals 147 The formul
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InaustrialMbemls 149 southwestern E
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Applications Industrial Minerals 15
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,+ Industrial MimlS : -153 977 also
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I I I ApplCcp1tio1~~ Indudrial Mine
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1 I Industrial Mjnorah '1 59 (bariu
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Industrial Minerals 161 called p om
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ammonium-nitrogen by ion dchange an
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Industrial Minerals 165 Moyale grap
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1 ' ".:-' 168 :@inaal .Reso~r&:Potm
Page 196 and 197: w;i;y Gems~ones and Semi-precious S
Page 198 and 199: 6.1 Corundum (ruby and sapphire) Sa
Page 200 and 201: I 1 b Gemstones and Semi-precious S
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Page 204 and 205: Gemstones and hi-&ws Stones 195 Bab
Page 206 and 207: 1 Gemstones and Semi-prmious Stones
Page 208 and 209: 7.1 Fossil fuels Chapter 7 Energy R
Page 210 and 211: Energy Kesoams 20 1 CreWus Age (abo
Page 212 and 213: , m Enwgy Resources 203 dull materi
Page 214 and 215: P . , Ug&e (CbilgiType) hrw mrces 2
Page 216 and 217: General characteristics of the coal
Page 218 and 219: I I I t ! a Five principal tmigenou
Page 220 and 221: Enagy Resou- 2 1 1 commenced with q
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Page 224 and 225: I - 7.13 Oil and gas Energy Reso- 2
Page 226 and 227: Top petroleum-produchg countries En
Page 228 and 229: Enew Resources 2 19 gas resources i
Page 232 and 233: En- Resowlew ~3 dry rock, geopressd
Page 235 and 236: Y I Resources Potential of Ethiopia
Page 237 and 238: 228 Mineral P O W of Ethiopia
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Page 247 and 248: Summary and concludons The aim of t
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Page 251 and 252: References Abdelselam, M.G., Stm, R
Page 253 and 254: !J ; northem sector of the MER: rel
Page 255 and 256: Getaneh, A,, Saxena, G.N. (1 984).
Page 257 and 258: hkC~ux, E., Milk&, J.P.) (1993). Le
Page 259 and 260: -= 251 Reinhardt, P., Sisay, D. "Ev
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Page 264: Annex 1. Major mineral deposits of
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Page 271: I 1 NAME Afa (Dabw Insin) Ahtu Afla
Page 274 and 275: Gaada GLidmol a i i 2 Gbimira bkn G
Page 276 and 277: - - NAME IDEhTlF. SUBSTANCE Lake nb
Page 278 and 279: NAME I Sam (Ni) Ss-w IDENTIF. SUBST
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I NAME Kanticba (Au) Ogaden (htr, O
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280 Minerd Remmxs Potential of Ethi
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286 Miml Resources Potential of Eth
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I exploration ZBO Mind Resources Po
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Mineral Resources Potential - Geothermal Resources

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