Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

More documents

Recommendations

Info

00 osmoregulatory function and it seems unlikely as anthocyanins contribute
1.5. Leaf senescence 11 Leaf senescence is a coordinated process in which deciduous plants get ready for winter and recycle some of their valuable mineral nutrients (Killingbeck, 1996; Buchanan- Wollaston, 1997; Thomas, 1997; Matile et al., 1999; Matile, 2000; Quirino et al., 2000). The highly coordinated processes of leaf senescence (Smart, 1994; Quirino et al., 2000) and chlorophyll degradation (Matile et al., 1999; Thomas, 2001) appear to increase the resorption of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, back into woody plant tissues (Peri et al. 1999; Lee, 2002b). Hoch et al. (2001) argue that in plants anthocyanin accumulation during leaf senescence functions to protect the photosynthetic machinery from photoinhibition. A similar role of anthocyanin in photoprotection of chloroplasts during leaf senescence of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) was suggested by Feild et al., 2001. In their study the authors provide evidence that the anthocyanins protect chlorophyll by optical masking and thus reduce the danger of photooxidation to senescing leaf cells. This photoprotection by anthocyanins would facilitate a more efficient removal of nitrogen from mesophyll cells (where anthocyanins accumulate) back into woody stems (Lee, 2002b) 1.6. Flavonoids in Pistacia Currently, more than 20 flavonoids have been identified in Pistacia (leaves, fruits). These flavonoids belong to anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, flavonols, isoflavonols, which are represented in both aglycon and glycosilated forms (Table 1).
Page 1 and 2: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Page 3 and 4: Abstract I Anthocyanins in Pistacia
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgement III I would like to
Page 7 and 8: V 1.7. Hypothesis and objectives ..
Page 9 and 10: VII 3.6.1.2. Spring and autumn tota
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures IX Fig. 1. Anthocya
Page 13 and 14: Table 10. Chlorophyll and carotenoi
Page 15 and 16: List of Appendix Tables XIII Table
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction 1.1. Red coloration
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 1. Anthocyanidin chemical stru
Page 21 and 22: 5 simple phenolics are also potenti
Page 23 and 24: 7 photosystem II (PSII) efficiency
Page 25: 9 Harborne, 1976). Yet, although mo
Page 29 and 30: 1.7. Hypothesis and objectives Hypo
Page 31 and 32: 2.3. Anthocyanin extraction 15 Leaf
Page 33 and 34: 2.6. NMR analysis 17 NMR spectra of
Page 35 and 36: A C E A 19 C D D E F F Fig. 3. Pist
Page 37 and 38: 21 cyanidin corresponds to peak #6
Page 39 and 40: 23 4.20 ± 0.63 mg/gFW, respectivel
Page 41 and 42: 25 Table 4. Flavonoids content and
Page 43 and 44: A 27 A B B Fig. 6. Comparison of P.
Page 45 and 46: 29 The flavonoid contents of peaks
Page 47 and 48: 3.4.5. P.vera 3.4.5.1. Spring 31 Le
Page 49 and 50: 33 Fig. 8. Comparison of P. lentisc
Page 51 and 52: 55 The ratios of the combined relat
Page 53 and 54: 77 Table 9. Flavonoids content and
Page 55 and 56: 3.6.1.1. Chlorophyll a/b ratio: 39
Page 57 and 58: 41 3.6.2.2. Spring and autumn total
Page 59 and 60: 3.6.4.2.1. Chlorophyll a/b ratio: 3
Page 61 and 62: 4. Discussion 45 The Pistacia germp
Page 63 and 64: 47 red. Most probably this is relat
Page 65 and 66: 49 The amount of a separated compou
Page 67 and 68: 51 apparatus. Also the decrease in
Page 69 and 70: 53 Pistacia species (Table 12), rev
Page 71 and 72: 6. References 55 Alexieva, V., Serg
Page 73 and 74: 77 Feild, T.S., Lee, D.W. and Holbr
Page 75 and 76: 99 King, J., 1997, Reaching for the
Page 77 and 78:
61 Nagata, T., Todoriki, S., Masumi
Page 79 and 80:
63 Woodall, G.S., Stewart, G.R., 19
Page 81 and 82:
Peak area (mAU, x10 6 ) 65 Fig. 3.
Page 83 and 84:
B A 67 Fig. 7. MS spectrum of peak
Page 85 and 86:
7.2. Tables 69 Table 1a. Identified
Page 87 and 88:
71 Table 2. Ratios of the combined
show all

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?