Evaluating A Selection of Tools for Extraction of Forensic Data: Disk ...

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The research has made contribution to the tool evaluation research since the forensic industry has a strong demand for a set of configuration tools and a comprehensive evaluation methodology. Other researchers harbour the idea that the challenges and problems are inherent in the research. This research utilises the function mapping approach to uncover potential testing requirements. The study also has summarised the relevant literature related to evaluating disk imaging tools. 113
6.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 6 Conclusion Chapter 1 identifies the research gaps in digital forensics research and outlines the expected outcome of this research. Digital evidence is generally identified, consolidated and presented by forensic practitioners using various digital forensic tools. The admissibility of the digital evidence extracted by invalidated digital forensics tools is questionable. Digital evidence is generally stored in a storage medium such as a hard disk. Disk imaging is employed to derive electronic information from the electronic devices and such information serve as potential evidence. Any problem that occurs in the process of evidence collection could potentially jeopardise the subsequent investigative processes. The performance of the disk imaging tools has become an issue of immediate concern in the digital forensic community. Chapter 2 has empirically reviewed the context and the development of the disk imaging tool evaluation, which is the research gap identified in Chapter 1. Five relevant academic journal articles are analysed to find out how such studies were conducted. Research questions and hypotheses are defined to focus on the performance of the disk imaging tools in terms of accuracy and completeness of the extracted data. The functionality-driven approach is selected as a result of studying the relevant journal articles. Chapter 3 expounds the research model, evaluation requirements and specifications for testing the performance of the selected disk imaging tools. Following the specifications defined in Chapter 3, three selected disk imaging tools are evaluated and the research findings are reported in Chapter 4. Research findings are discussed and analysed in Chapter 5 to provide a clear summary of the outcomes of testing. Table 4.20 presented in Chapter 4 provides a definitive summary of the research findings. The following sections are structured to conclude this research. The research findings are summarised in section 6.1, followed by competent answers to the research questions in section 6.2. Section 6.3 elaborates on the direction of possible follow-up studies before drawing a definitive conclusion. 114
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Evaluating A Selection of Tools for
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Acknowledgements This thesis has be
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imaging data when building disk ima
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2.3.3.1 dcfldd ....................
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4.3 Research Analysis .............
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Existing
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AI Access Interface AM Access Metho
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SWGDE Scientific Working Group on D
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NetIntercept Network monitoring and
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The aim of this chapter is to provi
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producing unreliable results. Extra
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1.4 CONCLUSION Chapter 1 is concern
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forensic software EnCase and Sleuth
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2.1.2 Investigative Processes And S
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Preparation Collection Examination
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13 Investigative Process Model (Fre
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eaders to have better understanding
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text or hexadecimal format (Adopted
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3. Duplicability and Modifiability
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oth original and duplicate copy of
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Apache web server and Microsoft Int
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forensic tools, process or procedur
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Guo et al. (2009) have proposed a f
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Table 2.4 Mandatory features of Dis
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2.3.3.2 dc3dd Dc3dd is another enha
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area to backup their Proprietary so
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Also, MBR disks only support four p
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Table 2.6 Functionalities of Disk I
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for digital investigation to identi
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studies and discussions, the requir
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answered. Details of data collectio
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experts will be used to narrow down
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anomalies are analysed to identify
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esulting acceptance spectrum can be
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Figure 3.5. Process of evaluation c
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Stage 1 Understand the discipline o
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Testing requirements Selected disk
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Phase 1 Select the software disk im
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connected to the computer using a P
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Page 81 and 82: 3.4.3 Data Analysis Methods GA is a
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Page 85 and 86: Main Research Question Sub Question
Page 87 and 88: 4.1 VARIARTIONS IN RESEARCH SPECIFI
Page 89 and 90: 4.2.1 Testing Environment Two execu
Page 91 and 92: Using program HDAT2, HPA and DCO ar
Page 93 and 94: 4.2.2.3 TC-03: Acquiring A Hard Dri
Page 95 and 96: Table 4.7 TC-06 Result Summary Test
Page 97 and 98: FTK Imager successfully verified th
Page 99 and 100: Assertions AHS01-03 AFR01-03 AFR01-
Page 101 and 102: Helix 3 pro was unable to recover t
Page 103 and 104: Helix 3 Pro was not able to read th
Page 105 and 106: The method of data analysis is desc
Page 107 and 108: 4.4 PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS A summ
Page 109 and 110: Pass Rates (%) 100.00% 90.00% 80.00
Page 111 and 112: Pass Rate (%) 100.00% 90.00% 80.00%
Page 113 and 114: 5.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 5 Discussi
Page 115 and 116: tools. For instance, the test case
Page 117 and 118: their latest FTK Imager release not
Page 119 and 120: information of the total number of
Page 121 and 122: Helix 3 Pro presented some usabilit
Page 123 and 124: Software support is minimum and the
Page 125 and 126: 2.2.4, forensic software validation
Page 127 and 128: elease version mounts file systems
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Page 135 and 136: eginning of and the end of the disk
Page 137 and 138: 6.4 CONCLUSION The main objective o
Page 139 and 140: Beebe, N. L., & Clark, J. G. (2005)
Page 141 and 142: Erbacher, R. F. (2010). Validation
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Page 145 and 146: Payne, C. (2002). On the Security o
Page 147 and 148: Smith, R. (2009). Make the most of
Page 149 and 150: Cases Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharma
Page 151 and 152: Appendix 2 - Testing requirements 1
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Page 155 and 156: Test Cases Description Assertions f
Page 157 and 158: Assertions for Fundamental Requirem
Page 159 and 160: TSP-AIC-10 TSP-AIC-11 image file fo
Page 161 and 162: 4.1 Drive Reset (Common in most Tes
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Page 169 and 170: Image Creation (IC) Function Requir
Page 171 and 172: Appendix 7 - Disk Imaging Tools Tes
Page 173 and 174: FTK Imager 2.9.0.1385 (Release Date
Page 175 and 176: FTK Imager 2.9.0.1385 (Release Date
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Page 179 and 180: Log highlights: Results by assertio
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1.6 TC-02-FAT16 FTK Imager 2.9.0.13
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Source Device: Drive Setup: Partiti
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Log highlights: Results by assertio
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1.10 TC-02-HFS+ FTK Imager 2.9.0.13
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1.12 TC-03-DCO FTK Imager 2.9.0.138
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1.13 TC-05-DD FTK Imager 2.9.0.1385
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1.14 TC-05-Smart FTK Imager 2.9.0.1
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Drive Setup: Log highlights: Result
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Results by assertion: FTK Imager 2.
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1.19 TC-10-CorruptImage FTK Imager
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1.21 TC-11-E01_Smart FTK Imager 2.9
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1.25 TC-11-Smart_E01 FTK Imager 2.9
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Results by assertion: verified FTK
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FTK Imager 2.9.0.1385 (Release Date
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FTK Imager 2.9.0.1385 (Release Date
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Helix3 Pro R3 (Release Date: 30 th
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Results by assertion: Helix3 Pro R3
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2.3. TC-02-NTFS Helix3 Pro R3 (Rele
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Device: Serial Number: 6PS2CA4Z Sec
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Partition Table: Log highlights: Re
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2.11. TC-03-DCO Helix3 Pro R3 (Rele
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2.12. TC-05-EnCase6 Helix3 Pro R3 (
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2.13. TC-06-UNC Helix3 Pro R3 (Rele
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2.14. TC-07-InsufficientSpace & TC-
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Drive Setup: Partition Table (GPT d
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AIR 2.0.0 (Release Date: 17th, Feb
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3.3. TC-02-NTFS Test Case TC-02-NTF
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3.4. TC-02-Ext2 AIR 2.0.0 (Release
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3.5. TC-02-Ext3 AIR 2.0.0 (Release
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3.6. TC-02-FAT16 Test Case TC-02-FA
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Results by assertion: AIR 2.0.0 (Re
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3.17. TC-13 Overlapping Partitions
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3.21. TC-16-02 Acquire a GPT disk A
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