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M. SEKULI] et al.: THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WORKPIECE MATERIAL ON THE MAIN... Figure 10 Variation Fvm vs. hardness HB CONCLUSION Mechanical properties of workpiece material are important factors affecting machining conditions. Regarding low cutting forces, low values of hardness and tensile strength usually provide better machinability. This investigation has shown that hardness and tensile strength of the workpiece material have a significant influence on the main cutting force in face milling, and thereby on the cutting energy in machining. REFERENCES 1 H. Q. Zheng, X. P. Li, Y. S. Wong, A. Y. C. Nee, International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture 39 (1999), pp. 2003-2018. 2 M. Sekuli}, M. Gostimirovi}, Z. Jurkovi}, P. Kova~, Proceedings, 7 th International Scientific Conference on Production Engineering, Kairo, 2009, pp. 17-18 3 F. Mocellin, E. Melleras, W. L. Guesser, L. Boehs, J. of the Braz. Soc. of Mech. Sci&Eng, XXVI (2004) 1, pp. 22-27 4 R. T. Coelho, A. Braghini Jr., C. M. O. Valente, G. C. Medalha, J. of the Braz. Soc. of Mech. Sci&Eng, XXV (2003) 3, pp. 22-27 Note: The responsible translator for the English language is Ksenija Mance, Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Engineering, Rijeka, Croatia. 342 METALURGIJA 49 (2010) 4, 339-342
S. DOBATKIN, J. ZRNIK, I. MAMUZI] DEVELOPMENT OF SPD CONTINUOUS PROCESSES FOR STRIP AND ROD PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The possibility of producing nanocrystalline (grain size smaller than 100 nm) and submicrocrystalline (grain size in the range 100–1000 nm) structures has been reliably established for various severe plastic deformation (SPD) schemes, such as equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), multiaxial deformation, twist extrusion, high pressure torsion, accumulative roll bonding, and other methods 1-5. Grain refinement down to a nano- and submicro level results in a significant increase in the strength at satisfactory ductility and to increase the service properties, such as fatigue strength, cold resistance, superplasticity, wear resistance, etc. that is shown already now on various classes of metal materials, including the industrial 1-5. However, the industrial application is limited due to the absence of effective continuous SPD processes. The potential of development of continuous SPD processes based on the ECAP process from one side and continuous extrusion or drawing processes from another side is considered. Received – Prispjelo: 2009-09-18 Accepted – Prihva}eno: 2010-04-25 Review Paper – Pregledni rad Grain refinement upon the severe plastic deformation (SPD) at low temperatures (below the recrystallization temperature ) and an unusual improvement the properties of such materials are shown reliably. However, the industrial application is limited due to the absence of effective continuous SPD processes. The potential of development of continuous SPD processes based on the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process from one side and continuous extrusion or drawing processes from another side is considered. Existing various continuous SPD processes for strip, rod and wire production are analyzed. Key words: severe plastic deformation (SPD), equal – channel angular pressing (ECAP), rod production, strip, wire Razvitak intenzivnih plasti~nih deformacija (IPD) kontinuiranog procesa za trake i {ipkaste proizvode. Usitnjavanje zrna pod utjecajem intenzivnih plasti~nih deformacija (IPD) na niìm temperaturama (ispod temperature rekristalizacije) i neuobi~ajno pobolj{avanje svojstava takovih materijala se pokazalo stvarnim. Me|utim, industrijska primjena je ograni~ena glede nedostatka efektivnog kontinuiranog procesa IPD. Razmatraju se mogu}nosti razvitka kontinuiranog IPD procesa na temelju s jedne strane na kutno kanalnom pre{anju (KKP), a s druge strane na kontinuiranoj ekstruziji ili procesu vu~enja. Analiziraja se i postojanje razli~itih kontinuiranih IPD procesa za traku, {ipkaste proizvode i ìcu. Klju~ne rije~i: intenzivne plasti~ne deformacije (IPD), kutno kanalno pre{anje (KKP), {ipkasti proizvodi, traka, ìca S. Dobatkin - A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, J. Zrnik - COMTES FHT, Plzen, Czech Republic, I. Mamuzic - University of Zagreb, Sisak, Croatia ISSN 0543-5846 METABK 49(4) 343-347 (2010) UDC – UDK 669.14-418:539.37:620.17=111 CONTINUOUS ECAP PROCESSES BASED ON CONTINUOUS PRESSING Upon conventional pressing, the friction forces acting between the billet and container impede the process. The active friction forces occurring when the billet moves together with the container were used for the development of the continuous pressing methods achieved only due to the friction forces acting between the container and the lateral surface of billet. Three basic methods of continuous pressing are distinguished: Conform, Linex, and Extrolling. They differ in the mode of the sample input to the deformation zone, i.e., by the nature of the container circulation. ECAP-Conform process The Conform method of continuous pressing using the active friction forces was first tested by D. Green in the Laboratory of the Reactor Fuel Cells of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (Springfield, UK) in 1971 (Figure 1) 6,7. D. Green proposed a simplest device consisting of a wheel with a ring groove of rectangular cross section at the hoop. The groove with an immobile shoe covering the wheel forms a closed pass. Such design provides a METALURGIJA 49 (2010) 4, 343-347 343
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