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S. DOBATKIN et al: DEVELOPMENT OF SPD CONTINUOUS PROCESSES FOR STRIP AND ROD PRODUCTION Figure 9 TEM micrographs of Al alloy AA1050 after C2S2 at room temperature at an angle of 120 ° between the channels: (a) N=1(e=0,6), (b) N=2(e=1,2), (c) N=3 (e=1,7), (d) N=5(e=2,9), (e) N=9(e=5,2), and (f) N=50(e=29) 19 Figure 10 Schematic illustration of drawing through the equal channel angular die 20-22 Figure 11 Principal scheme of sheet processing by ECADS (a) and general view of the plunger and the base of the ECADS setup (b) 23 aries were observed. This structure did not vary significantly with further straining. It should be noted a gradual increase in the grain size with increasing strain. CONTINUOUS ECAP PROCESSES BASED ON DRAWING A. B. Suriadi, P. F. Tomson and U. Chakkingal were the first who deformed material by drawing through the equal channel angular die (Figure 10) 20-22. During Equal Channel Angular Drawing (ECAD) material undergoes a plastic deformation which can be presented as a bending under tension process. Once more ECAD process called Equal Channel Angular Drawing of Sheet Metals (ECADS) was proposed by Dr. Zisman with colleagues 23 (Figure 11). The principal deformation mode was simple shear supplemented by some elongation along the drawing direction and the related thickness reduction. ECADS was used for pure Al at room temperature on a strip of 40 mm in width and 1mm in thickness. The initial yield stress was doubled after four passes, but the deformed structure can be characterized as subgrain dominating structure 23. CONCLUSIONS 1. Applying continuous SPD processes of strips and rods results mostly in submicrocrystalline structure and materials show high strength- ductility balance. 2. In the present time the methods of SPD continuous processes for strip and rod production are realized and studied rarely. The strip samples in- 346 METALURGIJA 49 (2010) 4, 343-347
vestigated are limited mainly in thickness – 2 mm and in width – 20-30 mm, the rod samples are limited mainly in square section – 10x10 mm. REFERENCES S. DOBATKIN et al: DEVELOPMENT OF SPD CONTINUOUS PROCESSES FOR STRIP AND ROD PRODUCTION 1 T. C. Lowe, R. Z. Valiev (Eds), Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2000, p. 395. 2 M. J. Zehetbauer, R. Z. Valiev (Eds), Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, Wiley-VCH, Vienna, Austria, 2003, p. 850. 3 Z. Horita (Ed), Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2005, p. 1030. 4 Y. Estrin, H. J. Maier (Eds), Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2008, p. 1094. 5 V. M. Segal, S. V. Dobatkin, and R. Z. Valiev (Eds), Equal-Channel Angular Pressing of Metallic Materials: Thematic Issue, Part 1: Russian Metallurgy, 1 (2004) 1; Part 2: Russian Metallurgy, 2 (2004) 109. 6 Patent No. 1370894 (UK),1971. 7 D. Green, J. of the Inst. of Metals, 100 (1972) 295-300. 8 Patent No. 575151 (USSR), 1977. 9 V. M. Segal, V. I. Reznikov, V. I. Kopylov, et al. Processes of Plastic Structure Formation in Metals. Nauka i Tekhnika, Minsk, Belarus, 1994, p. 232 in Russian. 10 G. I. Raab, R. Z. Valiev, T. C. Lowe, Y. T. Zhu. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 382 (2004) 30-34. 11 Y. Huang, P. B. Prangnell. Scripta Mater. 56 (2007) 333-336. 12 Patent No. 936717 (UK), 1974. 13 Patent No. 39228998 (USA), 1975. 14 W. G. Voorhees. Light Metal Age., 36, No.1 (1978) 18-20. 15 Y. Saito, H. Utsunomiya, H. Suzuki, T. Sakai. Scripta mater. 42 (2000) 1139–1144. 16 H. Utsunomiya, K. Hatsuda, T. Sakai, Y. Saito. Advanced Technology of Plasticity, 2 (2002) 1561-1566. 17 Patent No. 3934446 (USA), 1973. 18 B. Avitzur. Wire Journal, (1975)7 73-80. 19 J.-C. Lee, H.-K. Seok and J.-Y. Suh. Acta Mater. 50 (2002) 4005-4019. 20 A. B. Suriadi, P. F. Thomson, in: T. Chandra, et al. (Eds.), Proceedings Australia-Pacific Forum on Intelligent Processing an Manufacturing of Materials, Queensland, Australia, 1997, 920-926. 21 U. Chakkingal, A. B. Suriadi, P.F. Thomson. Scripta Mater. 39 (1998) 677-684. 22 U. Chakkingal, A. B. Suriadi, P.F. Thomson, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 266 (1999) 241-249. 23 A. A. Zisman, V. V. Rybin, S. Van Boxel, M. Seefeldt, B. Verlinden. Materials Science and Engineering A 427 (2006) 123-129. Note: The responsible translator for English Language is professor from Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science. METALURGIJA 49 (2010) 4, 343-347 347
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