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26 CAtALYsIs Figure 2 Diagrams of the production formulae to the left, catalyst performance profiles to the right. evonik’s new method shows which production parameters influence catalyst performance, and whether any still require fine-tuning Compound 1 Compound 1 Compound 1 Compound 3 Heating and stirring reduction Compound 3 Heating and stirring reduction Compound 3 Heating and stirring reduction elements39 Issue 2|2012 Compound 2 Compound 2 Compound 2 Lab Heating and stirring Production A Heating and stirring Production B Heating and stirring Drying 1 Filtration rewetting Drying 2 Drying 1 Filtration rewetting Drying 2 Drying 1 Filtration Activity/selectivity indicator [%] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 reaction number Activity/selectivity indicator [%] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 reaction number Activity/selectivity indicator [%] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 reaction number
Figure 3 Performance profiles of various prepared PMPC catalysts (5 % Pd/C) from evonik. these profiles allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the preferred reactions and substrates of the particular catalyst types % 100 75 50 25 0 % 100 75 50 25 0 % 100 75 50 25 0 % 100 75 50 25 0 DEG-Catalyst 1 DEG-Catalyst 2 DEG-Catalyst 3 DEG-Catalyst 4 DEG-Catalyst 5 DEG-Catalyst 6 DEG-Catalyst 7 DEG-Catalyst 8 DEG-Catalyst 9 DEG-Catalyst 10 DEG-Catalyst 11 DEG-Catalyst 12 DEG-Catalyst 13 DEG-Catalyst 14 DEG-Catalyst 15 DEG-Catalyst 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Reaction Reaction Reaction Reaction 333 but also on the manufacturing formula. To put it differently: The catalytic performance profiles are a type of unique fingerprint for each type of catalyst. Evonik uses profiling in the development of new catalysts when laboratory formulas have to be transferred to the commercial scale. With the new method, they can analyze whether the properties lend themselves to reproduction, and whether the catalysts produced perform as well as the laboratory models. Figure 2 demonstrates that profiling is well suited to this purpose. It not only shows whether the catalyst formula could be successfully transferred from the laboratory to the production scale but also which production parameters determine catalyst performance and whether they might still require finetuning. Profiling therefore allows selective improvement in the robustness of the catalyst production process, and it also assists quality assurance. Figure 3 shows various profiles of the catalysts of Evonik’s PMPC portfolio. All of these are five percent Pd catalysts, with activated carbon as the carrier. The only difference in these catalysts is the way they were produced. In the end, they all have the same quantitative composition. The figure shows how extremely sensitive the performance profiles are to the parameters of catalyst production. This makes profiling a useful tool not only for scaling up catalysts: The method also makes it possible to derive preferred reactions and substrates for the various catalyst types from the profiles. In other words, it allows fast identification of the types of reactions or substrates that will make a certain catalyst in the Evonik portfolio display particularly high activity and selectivity and, on the other hand, which substrates will make the catalyst less active or selective. By this method, customers can obtain a sample optimally designed for their specific application. 777 CAtALYsIs More robust production processes Pd dr. dorit Wolf has been R&D group leader in Evonik’s Catalysts Business Line since 2004. She studied chemistry at the University of Leipzig, where she earned her doctorate in 1991. In 1997, Wolf qualified as a university lecturer in chemical technology at the Chair for Chemical Technology at Ruhr University in Bochum. She subsequently accepted a position as director of the Reaction Technology Working Group at the Institute for Applied Chemistry Berlin-Adlershof. In 2001 she moved to Evonik to direct the Hetero geneous Catalysis Group in the Catalysis Project House. +49 6181 59-8746, dorit.wolf@evonik.com 27 elements39 Issue 2|2012
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