jessica brandwein 60 Percentage of articles with frame Percentage of articles with frame 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 100 75 50 25 0 Appendix 2. Change in five frames <strong>for</strong> the New York Times from 2000 – 2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Peace process Humanitarian crisis Peacekeeping Civil war Terrorism Note: Articles can have more than one frame (e.g. an article may discuss <strong>Somalia</strong> in terms of a civil war and terrorism), meaning percentages can exceed 100 percent. Appendix 3. Change in five frames <strong>for</strong> allAfrica.com from 2000 – 2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Peace process Humanitarian crisis Peacekeeping Civil war Terrorism Note: Articles can have more than one frame (e.g. an article may discuss <strong>Somalia</strong> in terms of a civil war and terrorism), meaning percentages can exceed 100 percent.
References AllAfrica.com, , Accessed 9 May 2011. Childress, Sarah, “<strong>Somalia</strong>’s Al-Shabaab <strong>to</strong> Ally with Al Qaeda,” Wall Street Journal, 2 February 2010, Available online Entman, Robert, “Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm,” Journal of Communication, 43, 4 (1993): 51-58. Hammond, Philip, Framing Post-Cold War Conflicts: The Media and International Intervention, (New York, NY: Manchester University Press, 2007). Hanson, Stephanie, “Backgrounder on Al-Shabaab,” Council on Foreign Relations, 2011, Available online . Hines, Craig, “Pity, not US Security, Motivated US of GIs in <strong>Somalia</strong>, Bush Says,’ The Hous<strong>to</strong>n Chronicle, 24 Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 1999: A11. impact of international media in somalia Galtung, Johan, “High Road, Low Road: Charting the Course <strong>for</strong> Peace Journalism,” Track Two, 7, 4 (Dec 1998): 1-6. Jakobsen, Peter, “Focus on the CNN Effect Misses the Point: The Real Media Impact on Conflict Management is Invisible and Indirect,” Journal of Peace Research, 37, 2 (2000): 131-143. Lederach, John Paul, Preparing <strong>for</strong> Peace: Conflict Trans<strong>for</strong>mation Across Cultures, (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995). The New York Times, , Accessed 9 May 2011. Parenti, Michael, Inventing Reality: The Politics of the Mass Media, (New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1986). Robinson, Piers, “Theorizing the Influence of Media on World Politics: Models of Media Influence on Foreign Policy,” European Journal of Communication, 16, 4 (2001): 523-544. -- “The CNN Effect: Can the News Media Drive Foreign Policy?” Review of International Studies, 25 (1999):301-309. Shinar, Dov, “Why Not More Peace Journalism? The Coverage of the 2006 Lebanon War in Canadian and Israeli Media,” Peace Journalism in Times of War, ed. Susan Dente Ross and Majid Tehranian, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2009): 7-29. Somali Islamists al-Shabab ‘join al-Qaeda fight,” BBC News, 1 February 2010, Available online . Spencer, Graham, The Media and Peace: From Vietnam <strong>to</strong> the ‘War on Terror’ (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan: 2005). Ting Lee, S, and C.C. Maslog, “War or Peace Journalism? Asian Newspaper Coverage of Conflicts,” Journal of Communications, (2005): 311-329 Westlaw News and Business Database, , Accessed 9 May 2011. ““You Don’t Know Who To Blame”: War Crimes in <strong>Somalia</strong>,” Human Rights Watch, August 2011, Available online . Yusuf, Huma, “Somali militant group Al Shabab aligns with Al Qaeda,” The Christian Science Moni<strong>to</strong>r, 2 February 2010, Available online . 61
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