hydrogen production from water using solar cells powered nafion ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................viii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY ....................................................................... 9 2.1. Hydrogen Production Methods............................................................. 9 2.2. Electrolyzers ...................................................................................... 11 2.2.1. Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer ................................... 13 2.2.1.1 Thermodynamics of a PEM Electrolysis Cell...................... 14 2.2.1.2.Proton Exchange Membrane of an Electrolyzer Cell........... 17 2.2.1.3.Membrane Electrode Assembly and Electrode Structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell ................ 19 2.2.1.4 Bipolar Plates ....................................................................... 24 2.2.1.5.Solar Power Driven Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Application ...................................................... 27 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS.......................................................... 30 3.1. Materials and Equipments .................................................................. 30 3.2. Methods .............................................................................................. 31 3.2.1. Producing the PEM Electrolysis Cell ........................................... 31 3.2.2. Assembly and Test Procedure for the PEM Electrolysis Cell ...... 34 3.2.3. PEM Electrolysis Stacks .............................................................. 36 3.2.4. Assembly and Test Procedure for a Multi Cell Electrolyzer ........ 38 3.2.5. Assembly and Test Procedure for the Solar Power Driven PEM Electrolysis Stack ................................................................. 40 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 42 4.1. Electrolyzer Manufacturing Experiences on a Single Cell Electrolyzer...................................................................... 42 vi
4.2. Results on a Single Cell PEM Electrolyzer ........................................ 48 4.2.1. Effects of Temperature on PEM Electrolysis ............................... 49 4.2.2. Effects of Excess Water Flow on PEM Electrolysis..................... 52 4.3. Results on a 5 cell PEM Electrolyzer Stack ....................................... 56 4.4. Results on a Solar Power Driven 5 Cell PEM Electrolyzer Stack...... 58 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS................................................................................... 66 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 69 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Hydrogen Production Results <strong>from</strong> Various Days ................................ 72 APPENDIX B Mass Balance of the 5 Cell Stack Electrolyzer ...................................... 77 vii
Page 1 and 2: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER USIN
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
Page 5: ÖZET GÜNEŞ PĐLLERĐ ĐLE ÇALI
Page 9 and 10: Figure 4.16. Hydrogen Production an
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION World energy
Page 13 and 14: Table 1.1. Turkey`s energy usage as
Page 15 and 16: atmosphere according to their hydro
Page 17 and 18: The reaction goes through two half
Page 19 and 20: 2.1. Hydrogen Production Methods CH
Page 21 and 22: 2.2. Electrolyzers Figure 2.1. Vari
Page 23 and 24: electrode design are being sought t
Page 25 and 26: 1 285,830J/mol + H 2O(l) → H 2(g)
Page 27 and 28: another optimization should be done
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.3. Molecular Formula of Na
Page 31 and 32: hydrophobic substances in electrode
Page 33 and 34: Different than Grigoriev’s work,
Page 35 and 36: voltages. This concept is also vali
Page 37 and 38: Interdigitated flow field is a diff
Page 39 and 40: generator is always working at its
Page 41 and 42: ecord the voltage and the current s
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.2. Anode side of the elect
Page 45 and 46: 6. Cover the cathode GDL with 1mm t
Page 47 and 48: to deliver water. The front side of
Page 49 and 50: 5. Place the cathode side GDL into
Page 51 and 52: electrolyzer to monitor the potenti
Page 53 and 54: Figure 4.1. “X” type flow field
Page 55 and 56: MEA, there were no electrolysis on
Page 57 and 58:
In fact, it was observed on the dis
Page 59 and 60:
In each run, current density was in
Page 61 and 62:
Voltage 2,25 2,20 2,15 2,10 2,05 2,
Page 63 and 64:
Therefore, for the current cell des
Page 65 and 66:
8Amp, respectively. The calculated
Page 67 and 68:
At 500mAmp/cm 2 , the potential dif
Page 69 and 70:
The installed system had 6 of this
Page 71 and 72:
At 11.00 AM, as the current density
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 4.19 shows solar radiance da
Page 75 and 76:
On Iztech campus, the system constr
Page 77 and 78:
voltage temperature trend observed
Page 79 and 80:
REFERENCES Grigoriev S.A.,Porembsky
Page 81 and 82:
British Petrol World Statistical Re
Page 83 and 84:
Hydrogen Production (ml/min) Hydrog
Page 85 and 86:
Hydrogen Production (ml/min) Hydrog
Page 87 and 88:
APPENDIX B MASS BALANCE OF A FIVE C
Page 89 and 90:
Table B.3. Mass Balance of Species
Page 91 and 92:
Stream3; Species stream 3 at 314.6K
Page 93 and 94:
Figure B.3. Input and output stream
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