hydrogen production from water using solar cells powered nafion ...

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Various sources for electroylsis .....................................................................43 Figure 2.2. Schematic represantation of a PEM electrolysis cell .....................................14 Figure 2.3. Molecular Formula of Nafion.........................................................................19 Figure 3.1. 2D Schematic representation of an electrolysis cell.......................................32 Figure 3.2. Anode side of the electrolysis cell..................................................................44 Figure 3.3. Cathode side of the electrolysis cell ...............................................................33 Figure 3.4. Parts of an electrolysis cell.............................................................................34 Figure 3.5. Single cell electrolysis setup ..........................................................................36 Figure 3.6. 2D schematic representation of a PEM electrolysis stack..............................37 Figure 3.7. a) Front Side of the bipolar plate........................................................................45 b) Rear Side of the bipolar plate .........................................................................37 Figure 3.8. Two cell electrolysis stack .............................................................................38 Figure 3.9. Multi Cell Electrolysis Stack Test Setup........................................................40 Figure 3.10. Solar power driven electrolyzer stack setup...................................................47 Figure 4.1. X” type flow field design ...............................................................................43 Figure 4.2. Pin Type Flow Field.......................................................................................44 Figure 4.3. Empty Flow Field...........................................................................................45 Figure 4.4. Empty Flow field with crosswise ducts..........................................................44 Figure 4.5. Results of Electrolysis Trials..........................................................................48 Figure 4.6. (a-d) Temperature Effect on Electrolysis .......................................................50 Figure 4.7. Voltage of the <strong>cells</strong> at 500mAmp/cm 2 ...........................................................51 Figure 4.8. Minimum and Thermoneutral Electrolysis Voltage.......................................51 Figure 4.9. (a)-(c) Excess Water Flow Effect on Electrolysis ..........................................53 Figure 4.10. Voltage of the <strong>cells</strong> at 500mAmp/cm 2 ...........................................................54 Figure 4.11. Calculated and Measured Oxygen and Hydrogen Flows ...............................55 Figure 4.12. Current Voltage Curves of the Cells of an Electrolyzer Stack.......................56 Figure 4.13. Hydrogen Production vs. Current Density .....................................................57 Figure 4.14. Current-Voltage Curves of a PV Module.......................................................58 Figure 4.15. Solar Radiance Data on 18.12.2006 ...............................................................60 viii
Figure 4.16. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature on 18.12.2006 .........................60 Figure 4.17. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 09.01.2007 ..........................61 Figure 4.18. Solar Radiance on 22.02.2007..........................................................................62 Figure 4.19. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature on 22.02.2007 .........................62 Figure 4.20. Solar Radiance on 14.05.2007..........................................................................63 Figure 4.21. Hydrogen Production and Stak Temperature on 14.05.2007 ...........................64 Figure A.1. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 18.12.2006...........................72 Figure A.2. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 09.01.2007...........................72 Figure A.3. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 01.02.2007...........................73 Figure A.4. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 22.02.2007...........................73 Figure A.5. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 02.03.2007...........................74 Figure A.6. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 27.03.2007...........................74 Figure A.7. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 06.04.2007...........................75 Figure A.8. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 24.04.2007...........................75 Figure A.9. Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 01.05.2007...........................76 Figure A.10.Hydrogen Production and Stack Temperature at 14.05.2007...........................76 Figure B.1. Stream Numbers of the System ........................................................................77 Figure B.2 Input and output streams of the graduated cylinder..........................................82 Figure B.3 Input and output streams of the eleectrolyzer...................................................83 Figure B.4. Overall Mass Balance of the System .................................................................84 ix
Page 1 and 2: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER USIN
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
Page 5 and 6: ÖZET GÜNEŞ PĐLLERĐ ĐLE ÇALI
Page 7: 4.2. Results on a Single Cell PEM E
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION World energy
Page 13 and 14: Table 1.1. Turkey`s energy usage as
Page 15 and 16: atmosphere according to their hydro
Page 17 and 18: The reaction goes through two half
Page 19 and 20: 2.1. Hydrogen Production Methods CH
Page 21 and 22: 2.2. Electrolyzers Figure 2.1. Vari
Page 23 and 24: electrode design are being sought t
Page 25 and 26: 1 285,830J/mol + H 2O(l) → H 2(g)
Page 27 and 28: another optimization should be done
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.3. Molecular Formula of Na
Page 31 and 32: hydrophobic substances in electrode
Page 33 and 34: Different than Grigoriev’s work,
Page 35 and 36: voltages. This concept is also vali
Page 37 and 38: Interdigitated flow field is a diff
Page 39 and 40: generator is always working at its
Page 41 and 42: ecord the voltage and the current s
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.2. Anode side of the elect
Page 45 and 46: 6. Cover the cathode GDL with 1mm t
Page 47 and 48: to deliver water. The front side of
Page 49 and 50: 5. Place the cathode side GDL into
Page 51 and 52: electrolyzer to monitor the potenti
Page 53 and 54: Figure 4.1. “X” type flow field
Page 55 and 56: MEA, there were no electrolysis on
Page 57 and 58: In fact, it was observed on the dis
Page 59 and 60:
In each run, current density was in
Page 61 and 62:
Voltage 2,25 2,20 2,15 2,10 2,05 2,
Page 63 and 64:
Therefore, for the current cell des
Page 65 and 66:
8Amp, respectively. The calculated
Page 67 and 68:
At 500mAmp/cm 2 , the potential dif
Page 69 and 70:
The installed system had 6 of this
Page 71 and 72:
At 11.00 AM, as the current density
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 4.19 shows solar radiance da
Page 75 and 76:
On Iztech campus, the system constr
Page 77 and 78:
voltage temperature trend observed
Page 79 and 80:
REFERENCES Grigoriev S.A.,Porembsky
Page 81 and 82:
British Petrol World Statistical Re
Page 83 and 84:
Hydrogen Production (ml/min) Hydrog
Page 85 and 86:
Hydrogen Production (ml/min) Hydrog
Page 87 and 88:
APPENDIX B MASS BALANCE OF A FIVE C
Page 89 and 90:
Table B.3. Mass Balance of Species
Page 91 and 92:
Stream3; Species stream 3 at 314.6K
Page 93 and 94:
Figure B.3. Input and output stream
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