A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF MOTION INDEXING ...

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separate files to describe motion is beneficial in a way that we can have multiple AMC files for a single ASF file in a single motion capture session. The Acclaim Skeleton Format (ASF) has an extension of .asf and describes the joints and the skeleton hierarchy. In this file format, lines beginning with a hash sign (#) are comments. The .asf file is divided into sections and each section starts with a keyword. All keywords in the file start with a colon character ”:”. The “:version” keyword describes the version of the skeleton definition. The “:name” keyword denotes the name of the skeleton to be used. The “:units” keyword describes a definition for all values and units of measure used. The “:documentation” section has documentation information which remains from one file creation to the next. The “:root” section describes the parent of the hierarchy. The “:bonedata” keyword starts a block that describes all of the remaining bones in the hierarchy. Each bone is enclosed within a “begin” and “end” pair of keywords and has the following information: • ”id”: A unique ID number for each segment. • ”name”: The unique name to each segment. Figure 1.1 shows the bone names and ids for a skeleton. • ”direction”: The direction of the bone which explains how to draw the segment with respect to the parent segment. • ”length”: The length of the bone which, combined with direction, gives the offset of the bone. • ”axis”: The global orientation of an axis vector. The token letters “xyz” describe the order of rotations. • ”dof”: The possible degrees of freedom in the bone. The possible values are tx, ty, tz, rx, ry, rz, and l. Each of these tokens are channels appearing in the 10
Figure 1.1: Skeleton with bone names and id. AMC file. The order in which tokens are specified determines the order of the channels. • ”limits”: The limits of the degrees of freedom by providing the minimum and maximum allowed value for that channel [11]. The “:hierarchy” section is the next section and describes the hierarchy of the bones declared in the “:bonedata” section. Figure 1.2 shows the hierarchy in an ASF file. The “:hierarchy” section is also enclosed within a “begin” and “end” pair of keywords in which each line contains the parent bone followed by its children. This information helps in connecting the bones together in the proper hierarchy. A snapshot of a small portion of ASF file is in Figure 1.3. The Acclaim Motion Capture Format (AMC) file contains the motion data for a skeleton defined by .asf file. The motion data is given one sample at a time. This file 11
Page 1 and 2: A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF MOTI
Page 3 and 4: To my mom, dad, brother, friends an
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT A COMPARISON AND EVALUATIO
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Ske
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Animation is
Page 13 and 14: • Segmentation: The motion captur
Page 15 and 16: In several applications, like a mod
Page 17 and 18: provide fast interpolation but do n
Page 19: • Frame: Each slice of time of a
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.4: Snapshot of a sample AM
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2 PCA-BASED TECHNIQUES In t
Page 27 and 28: The first step in a PCA analysis is
Page 29 and 30: of dimensions needed to represent t
Page 31 and 32: The PCA-SVD algorithm finds the val
Page 33 and 34: where Vr is a matrix with the first
Page 35 and 36: 2. Similarly combine the two segmen
Page 37 and 38: joints are known for every pose. He
Page 39 and 40: motion. Figure 3.1: Result of boole
Page 41 and 42: 2. Feature functions describing an
Page 43 and 44: F -equivalent if the corresponding
Page 45 and 46: 3.1.6.1 Inverted File Index Inverte
Page 47 and 48: the same set of exact hits. Figure
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 DYNAMIC TIME WARPING TECH
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4.1: Result of DTW technique
Page 53 and 54: operator \ to determine the relatio
Page 55 and 56: zmin = ¯z + ¯x ′ · sin(θmin)
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS W
Page 59 and 60: 5.2 Indexing Accuracy Testing To ev
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5.3: False positives for PCA
Page 63 and 64: Figure 5.5: False positives for PPC
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.7: False positives for Fea
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5.9: False positives for DTW
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5.11: False positives for DT
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 5.13: False Negatives detect
Page 73 and 74:
DTW[18]. DTW matching can also be i
Page 75 and 76:
Animation techniques can be broadly
Page 77 and 78:
directly modified or manipulated by
Page 79 and 80:
B.1 Breif History Human beings are
Page 81 and 82:
B.2 Motion Capture Technologies 1.
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(b) Active markers: Markers have on
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• Capture of movement: Subject we
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animation abilities, it can be help
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74 09 127 23 138 19 141 14 75 19 79
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10 04 walk with hands moving more 0
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118 05 jump 118 06 jump 118 07 jump
Page 95 and 96:
143 25 waiving 143 08 jumping twist
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[9] A. J. Hanson, “Visualizing qu
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BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT Harnish Bhat
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