A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF MOTION INDEXING ...

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TimeB.png Figure 5.1: Performance of five techniques for 100 mocap file computations. The graph in Figure 5.1 shows the time taken by each method to run on all pairs of mocap files. There are 100 pairs formed out of 10 files and we have compared the computation time for the five methods. The time performance of the feature- based techniques is the best. The reason being the use of inverted file indices which are very efficient for search operations. Whereas, DTW quaternion-based technique has worst time performance. Dynamic time warping is a time consuming technique because it calculates the distance from each frame in the motion to all frames in the other motion. 48
5.2 Indexing Accuracy Testing To evaluate the accuracy of the indexing methods, each method is tested on a data set of 150 mocap files with 5 query files. Each query is run on the dataset of 150 files to find the matching files among the 150 mocap files in the database. The five motion queries in the dataset are walk, jump, punch, sit and pick up the box actions. The reason for choosing these actions as queries is that these actions are very common and the CMU database has a large number of files containing these actions. The dataset of 150 motion files has a good mix of various actions such that a large range of human actions is covered. They also represent important types of movement such as locomotion (walk and jump), postural (sit), and non-locomotional (punch and pick up the box). It contains 113 files which contain actions similar to at least one of the five queries. Among these 113 actions, there are 40 walk actions, 35 jump actions, 15 sit actions, 13 punch actions, and 10 pick up actions. The remaining 37 files are completely different from the five queries. A manually annotated data for these 150 test files was prepared. These annotations are helpful in comparing the result of the query on the test data set. The details of the data set can be found in Appendix C. For each query, the techniques are quantitatively evaluated according to the ratio of false positives and false negatives among the 150 test files. The false positives ratio is the number of positive matches which do not correspond to a positive match in the manually annotated data divided by the total number of positive matches in the manually annotated data. The false negative ratio is the number of negative matches which do not correspond to negative matches in the manually annotated data divided by the total number of negative matches in the manually annotated data. These two statistical measures are good error criteria and are universally accepted. 49
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A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF MOTI
Page 3 and 4:
To my mom, dad, brother, friends an
Page 5 and 6:
ABSTRACT A COMPARISON AND EVALUATIO
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Ske
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Animation is
Page 13 and 14: • Segmentation: The motion captur
Page 15 and 16: In several applications, like a mod
Page 17 and 18: provide fast interpolation but do n
Page 19 and 20: • Frame: Each slice of time of a
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.1: Skeleton with bone name
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.4: Snapshot of a sample AM
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2 PCA-BASED TECHNIQUES In t
Page 27 and 28: The first step in a PCA analysis is
Page 29 and 30: of dimensions needed to represent t
Page 31 and 32: The PCA-SVD algorithm finds the val
Page 33 and 34: where Vr is a matrix with the first
Page 35 and 36: 2. Similarly combine the two segmen
Page 37 and 38: joints are known for every pose. He
Page 39 and 40: motion. Figure 3.1: Result of boole
Page 41 and 42: 2. Feature functions describing an
Page 43 and 44: F -equivalent if the corresponding
Page 45 and 46: 3.1.6.1 Inverted File Index Inverte
Page 47 and 48: the same set of exact hits. Figure
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 4 DYNAMIC TIME WARPING TECH
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4.1: Result of DTW technique
Page 53 and 54: operator \ to determine the relatio
Page 55 and 56: zmin = ¯z + ¯x ′ · sin(θmin)
Page 57: CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS W
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5.3: False positives for PCA
Page 63 and 64: Figure 5.5: False positives for PPC
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.7: False positives for Fea
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5.9: False positives for DTW
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5.11: False positives for DT
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5.13: False Negatives detect
Page 73 and 74: DTW[18]. DTW matching can also be i
Page 75 and 76: Animation techniques can be broadly
Page 77 and 78: directly modified or manipulated by
Page 79 and 80: B.1 Breif History Human beings are
Page 81 and 82: B.2 Motion Capture Technologies 1.
Page 83 and 84: (b) Active markers: Markers have on
Page 85 and 86: • Capture of movement: Subject we
Page 87 and 88: animation abilities, it can be help
Page 89 and 90: 74 09 127 23 138 19 141 14 75 19 79
Page 91 and 92: 10 04 walk with hands moving more 0
Page 93 and 94: 118 05 jump 118 06 jump 118 07 jump
Page 95 and 96: 143 25 waiving 143 08 jumping twist
Page 97 and 98: [9] A. J. Hanson, “Visualizing qu
Page 99: BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT Harnish Bhat
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