Supporting Documentation - Renfrewshire Council

Wind Turbine Application 

Supporting Turbine Assessment – Hartfield Farm, PA2 8UU 

20 th February 2012 

Waterman Renewable Energy 

2-4 Canning Street Lane, Edinburgh EH3 8ER , United Kingdom 

www.watermangroup.com

Suppporting 

TTurbine 

Assessm A ment – Hartfield H Farm, PPA2 

8UU U 

Client NName: 

Inte elligent Landd 

Investmen nts (Renewable 

Energyy) 

Document 

Refereence: 

CIV V12920/Harttfield 

Farm/ /STA/A01 

Projectt 

Number: CIV V12920 

Quality Assurance – Approval Status 

This doccument 

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been prep pared and checked 

in accordance 

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Group p’s 

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EN ISO 9001: 

2008 and a BS EN ISO 14001: 

2004) 

Issue 

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Prep pared by 

17/002/12 

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Disclaimer 

This report is for the private and confidential use of the client who is defined within the report, and for whom it was 

prepared for the purposes requested by the client. It should not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by 

any third party for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of Waterman Group.

Content 

1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 1 

1.2 The Application ......................................................................................................................... 1 

1.3 The Applicant ............................................................................................................................ 2 

1.4 General Turbine Specifications ................................................................................................. 2 

1.5 Supporting Documentation ....................................................................................................... 2 

2. Site Information and Planning Assessment ..................................................................................... 3 

2.1 Site and Environment ................................................................................................................ 3 

2.2 Designation Review/Ecology .................................................................................................... 4 

2.2.1 Designation Review .................................................................................................................. 4 

2.2.2 General Ecology ....................................................................................................................... 4 

2.2.2.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 8 

2.2.3 Ornithology ................................................................................................................................ 8 

2.3 Local Plan Policy ..................................................................................................................... 10 

3. Technical Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 12 

3.1 Site Topography ...................................................................................................................... 12 

3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology .................................................................................................... 12 

3.3 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................ 13 

3.4 Forestry ................................................................................................................................... 13 

3.5 Archaeology ............................................................................................................................ 14 

3.6 Visibility ................................................................................................................................... 16 

3.6.1 Zone of Theoretical Visibility ................................................................................................... 16 

3.6.2 Viewpoints ............................................................................................................................... 16 

3.6.3 Visualisations .......................................................................................................................... 16 

3.7 Noise Sensitive Receptors ...................................................................................................... 17 

3.8 Vibration .................................................................................................................................. 18 

3.9 Shadow Flicker........................................................................................................................ 18 

3.10 Main Infrastructure .................................................................................................................. 19 

3.10.1 Transport ................................................................................................................................. 19 

3.10.2 Access ..................................................................................................................................... 20 

3.10.3 Method Statement ................................................................................................................... 20 

3.10.4 Right of Way ............................................................................................................................ 21 

3.11 Aviation/NATS/MOD & Telecommunication ........................................................................... 21 

3.11.1 Aviation/NATS/MOD ............................................................................................................... 21 

3.11.2 Telecommunications ............................................................................................................... 23 

3.12 Cumulative Impact .................................................................................................................. 23 

3.12.1 Regional .................................................................................................................................. 23 

3.12.2 Local ........................................................................................................................................ 25 

3.13 Turbine Location ..................................................................................................................... 25 

Waterman Group, Renewable Energy, 2/4 Canning Street Lane, Edinburgh, EH3 8ER T:0131 221 7020 

K:\Projects\CIV12920_ILI Windfarms_Batch 7\CIV12920_XXX_Hartfield 

Farm\Documents\Reports\CIV12920_1202xx_Hartfield_Supporting Turbine Assessment_225kW.docx

3.14 Wind Resource Assessment ................................................................................................... 26 

3.15 Electrical Grid Connection Assessment .................................................................................. 27 

3.16 Health and Safety ................................................................................................................... 27 

3.17 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 28 

3.18 Decommissioning .................................................................................................................... 28 

4. Wider Environmental, Social Benefits ............................................................................................. 29 

5. Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 30 

Figures 

Figure 1: Site Location Plan ..................................................................................................................... 1 

Figure 2: Site Location Plan ..................................................................................................................... 3 

Figure 3: SEPA Flood Map .................................................................................................................... 13 

Figure 4: Location of National Monuments ............................................................................................ 14 

Figure 5: Turbine Access ....................................................................................................................... 20 

Figure 6: Turbine Location ..................................................................................................................... 26 

Tables 

Table 1: Protected Species ..................................................................................................................... 6 

Table 2: National Monument Details ..................................................................................................... 15 

Table 3: Primary Surveillance Radar .................................................................................................... 22 

Table 4: Operational Wind Farms ......................................................................................................... 24 

Table 5: Wind Farms Under Construction ............................................................................................. 24 

Table 6: Consented Projects ................................................................................................................. 25 

Table 7: Projects in Planning ................................................................................................................ 25 

Table 8: RenewableUK Windspeed Data for NS4258 .......................................................................... 27 

Table 9: Predicted Cost Including 25yrs Inflation Allowance ................................................................ 28 

Appendices 

A. Site Location Plans 

B. Planning Application Boundary 

C. Local Environmental Constraints 

D. Turbine Location and Site Constraints 

E. Proposed Transport Route 

F. Typical Turbine Details 

G. Viewpoints & Visualisation 

H. Hub and Blade Tip - Zone of Theoretical Visibility 

I. Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR), Line-of-Sight 

J. Plan of Developments within 30km of the Site 




1. Introduction 

1.1 Background 

Hartfield Farm, PA2 8UU (NS437579) is located approximately 3.6km Southwest from Paisley in 

Renfrewshire. The application site bounds a gently sloping hill, rising from a ground level of approximately 

185m above ordnance datum (AOD) in the North with the hillside rising up to a level of approximately 

220m AOD in the centre of the site. The site lies in an area of grazing land. 

Figure 1: Site Location Plan 

OS Map Data 

1.2 The Application 

The proposal is for the erection of a single mono pole 45.9m high (to blade tip) mast with a 27m blade 

diameter. The supporting tower would be painted grey or a colour suitable to the local planning authority. 

The proposed turbine location is approximately 866m northwest from the B775 at an elevated position of 

approximately 12m to the road. The nearest third party property is approximately 420m from the proposed 

turbine location. The reservoir at Caplaw Dam is located approximately 786m to the East of the proposed 

turbine location. The electricity produced will be connected to the national grid to allow Scotland to meet 

its climate change obligations and meet the government’s renewable energy targets. 


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1.3 The Applicant 

Intelligent Land Investments Renewable Energy (ILI RE) structure a business strategy which puts the 

landowners and the environment first. The reason for their growth over the years has been putting the 

landowner, local authority, consultant and local community partnership at the heart of that process. 

Presently ILI RE is working alongside set government strategies to encourage the growth for single rural 

turbines. This is an opportunity like no other for landowners and local communities to play their part in 

making the government strategy become reality. The Government believes that Scotland could become 

the "hi-tech workshop of the world" driven by a green energy revolution and Intelligent Land Investments 

is set to help achieve these targets. 

1.4 General Turbine Specifications 

• A single wind turbine is planned with a maximum tip height of 45.9m. 

• The turbine is predicted to generate around 0.59 GWh per year, enough power to displace 

about 254 tonnes of CO2 per annum. 

• The turbine is positioned along a field boundary to minimise the amount of productive 

farmland lost, and is as far away from houses as possible. 

• The construction period will be relatively short, minimising any traffic disruption. The main 

impact on the roads will be bringing in stone for the hard standing area and concrete for the 

foundations. Turbines generally re-pay the energy used in their manufacture and 

installation in about 6 – 8 months. 

• These turbines are relatively quiet, according to manufacturer’s guidelines, and noise 

levels experienced at nearby residencies will be minimal, the background noise effectively 

masking that produced by the turbine. 

• Further technical information is available from; Waterman Group, Tel: 0131 221 7020. 

1.5 Supporting Documentation 

Waterman provide civil, structural, environmental, mechanical & electrical design services to our clients in 

support of project planning, design, construction and management. 

As the demand for renewable power increases we face the challenge of meeting this demand whilst 

creating sustainable solutions. We provide pre-planning advice on site-selection and assist throughout 

the planning. 

Waterman takes the lead in delivering environmentally sustainable solutions and our specialist 

understanding of planning issues that include environmental solutions, transportation planning, land 

engineering and hydrology help clients to deliver plans that achieve approval, and make concept become 

reality. 


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2. Site Information and Planning Assessment 

2.1 Site and Environment 

The plan below illustrates the area of land ownership of the Farm, consisting of 37 fields with a combined 

site area of 258.58 hectares. 

Figure 2: Site Location Plan 

Land Ownership Boundaries supplied by ILI 

The surrounding land use is agricultural, with plantation forestry approximately 881m to the Southeast of 

the proposed turbine location. Caplaw Dam Reservoir is located approximately 786m the East from the 

proposed turbine location, with Old Patrick Water located approximately 831m to the Southeast were it 

feeds the Caplaw Dam Reservoir. There is also a small drainage channel to the Northwest. To the 

Northeast is a large electricity substation approximately 2.5km away, with seven high voltage lines and 

associated high rise pylons heading to the South and Southeast, and two further high voltage lines 

heading to the Northwest. Further to the Northeast, is Gleniffer Braes Country Park. There are numerous 

telecommunications masts in the area. 


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2.2 Designation Review/Ecology 

2.2.1 Designation Review 

The adopted Renfrewshire Local Plan identifies the area of Hartfield Farm as outside a settlement 

boundary. There are no designated Housing Areas within the site boundary or in close proximity. 

Scottish Natural Heritage has not designated the site as having landscape, recreation, biodiversity or 

earth science interest. Hartfield Farm is not within the following designated sites; Site of Special Scientific 

Interest (SSSI), Special Area of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Area (SPA), Ramsar Site, 

National Scenic Area (NSA), National Nature Reserve, National Park, or Local Nature Reserve. See 

Appendix C for Local Environmental Constraints. 

A local nature reserve is located at Durrockstock Park within Paisley. The closest SSSI is Loch Libo, 

located North of Uplawmoor, over 3km away. Caplaw Dam is identified within the Renfrewshire Local 

Plan Map A of Rural Areas as a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC). Areas to the 

northwest, West of Mid Hartfield and North of Whittliemuir Midton Loch are also identified as SINCs. The 

SINC bounds the site to the northwest and appears to enclose the northern most field of the farm. The 

proposed turbine location is outside the areas designated as SINCs. Caplaw Dam is used for recreational 

activities, and is adjacent to Lapwing Lodge activity centre and campsite. The site and the surrounding 

area is not identified as a Special Protection Area. The site is identified as Greenbelt within the 

Renfrewshire Local Plan Map A Rural Area and therefore, Renewable Energy Proposals should be 

compatible with Policy POLICY GB1: Green Belt and POLICY Ren1. 

It is noted that there may be habitats suitable for protected species due to the site’s undeveloped nature 

and the presence of open ground and watercourses. There may also be species present which are 

ascribed action plans within the Local Biodiversity Action Plan. However, being located within a field and 

owing to the distance the proposed turbine location is from watercourses, it is assumed that many 

species would not be directly affected by the development. 

The positioning of the wind turbine has taken account of the local designations and avoided areas of 

special scientific interest and high wildlife value. In accordance with the national planning policy guidance 

the chosen location will still allow the land to be worked and allow scenic values to be maintained. The 

proposed turbine with a hub height of 32.4m and a tip height of 45.9m is modest in comparison to 

operational wind farm developments. It has considerably reduced visual impact, being in many cases less 

than half the size of operational turbines in large wind farms. See Section 3.12 for descriptions of 

operational wind farms. The site is outside the search areas designated for significant wind farms as 

identified in the Glasgow and the Clyde Valley Structure Plan 2006. 

The proposal is supported from the Scottish Government’s stated commitment to increase the amount of 

electricity generated from renewable sources, which it sees as a vital part of its response to climate 

change. Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) indicates that the current objective for 50% of Scotland’s 

electricity to be generated from renewable sources by 2020 is a target, and not a cap. It is expected that 

onshore wind power will continue to be the main sources of renewable energy supplies. 

2.2.2 General Ecology 

A desktop survey of available information and a walkover of the site have been undertaken as part of this 

report to carry out a preliminary assessment of the ecology in the area. 

As part of any planning application, it is suggested that a review of possible protected and/or notable 

species is carried out to analyse the possible effect of erecting a turbine at a proposed location. There are 


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a large number of wildlife species which are protected in Scotland and they should be identified and 

included in any ecological assessment of an area. Many are protected under one or more of a number of 

key pieces of legislation which cover protected species, with further legislation also in place for the 

increased protection of certain species. 

The Habitats Directive was drawn up to help in the protection of Europe’s nature. To implement this 

European legislation, the Habitat Regulations 1994 (as amended in Scotland) were drawn up to ensure 

that the species listed under the above directive, in Annex IV, were protected adequately in Scotland. 

These are namely European Protected Species such as otters, bats and wild cats. However, the 

regulations also encompass protected plants and other species. These regulations ensure that species 

onshore and those living in inshore waters are protected, if listed under the above directive. The 

regulations are applicable in Scotland only and therefore, do not mirror the regulations in England and 

Wales. 

The Habitats Regulations, also known as The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c) Regulations 1994 are 

made up of a number of schedules including: 

• Schedule 2 – ensures the protection of European Protected Species of animals 

• Schedule 3 – ensures the protection of those animals in Annex V of the Habitats and Species 

Directive whose natural range includes Great Britain 

• Schedule 4 – ensures the protection of European Protected Species of plants. 

Under the above regulations for European Protected Species, it is an offence, except as permitted under 

the Regulations, to deliberately or recklessly: 

• Capture, injure, or kill a wild animal of a European Protected Species; 

• Harass an animal or group of animals; 

• Disturb such an animal while it is rearing or otherwise caring for its young; 

• Obstruct access to a breeding site or resting place, or otherwise deny the animal use of the 

breeding site or resting place; 

• Disturb such an animal while it is occupying a structure or place used for shelter or protection; 

• Disturb such an animal in a manner that is, or in circumstances which are, likely to significantly 

affect the local distribution or abundance of the species to which it belongs; 

• Disturb such an animal in a manner that is, or in circumstances which are, likely to impair its 

ability to survive, breed, or reproduce, or rear or otherwise care for its young; 

• Take or destroy the eggs of such an animal; 

• Damage, or destroy a breeding site or resting place of such an animal. 

If disturbance of a European Protected Species is necessary, a licence for the activity is likely to be 

needed which is sought from the Scottish Government or Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH). 

SNH provide a search tool for locating species in an area. Table 2 below indicates those which have been 

recorded in the area since the 1960s. It should be noted that this database is not completely up to date and so 

the table below gives merely an indication of what could be on the site. 


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Otters 

SPECIES LOCATION 

EUROPEAN OTTER CAPLAW DAM 1993 

DAUBENTONS BAT ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

PIPISTRELLE ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

LONG EARED BAT SPECIES ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

SOPRANO PISTRELLE GLENNIFER ROAD 2005 

EUROPEAN WATER VOLE ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

EURASIAN COMMON SHREW ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

EURASIAN PYGMY SHREW ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

EURASIAN WATER SHREW ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

WEST EUROPEAN 

HEDGEHOG 

ACROSS THE AREA 1965 

MOUNTAIN HARE ACROSS THE AREA 1965 

BROWN HARE ACROSS THE AREA 1965 

EURASIAN BADGER ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

EURASIAN RED SQUIRREL ACROSS THE AREA 1990 

COMMON FROG ACROSS THE AREA 1975 

COMMON TOAD ACROSS THE AREA 1975 

SMOOTH NEWT ACROSS THE AREA 1975 

PALMATE NEWT ACROSS THE AREA 1975 

GREAT CRESTED NEWT ACROSS THE AREA 1960 

SLOW WORM ACROSS THE AREA 1975 

ADDER ACROSS THE AREA 1975 

COMMON LIZARD ACROSS THE AREA 1975 

Table 1: Protected Species 

LATEST 

SIGHTING 

Source: Extracts from Scottish Natural Heritage Species Sighting Tool 2010 

Otters are a European Protected Species and so are protected under Schedule 2 of the Habitat 

Regulations 1994 (as amended in Scotland). If a development is likely to involve activities which could 

lead to an offence under the above regulations, then it is advisable to seek further information from SNH 

and it is likely a licence will be required. However, licences will only be given for certain activities and 

consultation should be sought from SNH to ascertain if a particular activity is possible and if a licence will 

be needed. 

As the proposed turbine is located in an open field approximately 786m from Caplaw Dam it is unlikely 

that otters will be found in close proximity to the sit. 


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Bats 

Bats are a European Protected Species and so are protected under Schedule 2 of the Habitat 





be needed. 

As the proposed turbine location is located in an open area with few buildings and trees in close 

proximity, it is unlikely that bats will be found in the area. 

Water Voles and other Shrew Species 

These mammals are protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as amended. 

In Scotland, they only have partial protection and shrews are only protected against certain types of 

trapping. killing methods. 

As the proposed turbine location is located approximately 831m from a watercourse (Old Patrick Water) 

and approximately 786m away from Caplaw Dam it is unlikely that water voles will be present. In addition, 

as the site is in quite an open area with few woodland areas or hedgerows in close proximity, it is unlikely 

that shrews will be found in the area. 

Badgers 

Badgers are protected under the Protection of Badger’s Act 1992 as amended. This Act states that 

licences are only available to developers to “interfere with a badger set” if it is for development. It is not 

permitted for “removal, translocation or killing of badgers” for the purposes of development. It is 

suggested that if a development is likely to be within 30m of a sett entrance, then further information be 

sought from SNH and a licence is likely to be required. 

As the proposed turbine location is located in an open area, away from woodland it is unlikely that 

badgers will be present. No specific sitings of badgers have been recorded locally by SNH. 

Red Squirrels 

Red Squirrels are protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as amended and 

the Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004. In addition, in 2007 the species was added to the Species 

Action Framework for Conservation Action which puts in place a number of practical measures to help 

conserve a species from dying out. Since then a number of other policies regarding Red Squirrels have 

also been past to ensure their survival as they are an endangered species in Scotland at present. 

As the proposed turbine location is located in an open area, away from woodland it is unlikely that red 

squirrels will be present. 

Wildcats 

Wildcats are a European Protected Species and so are protected under Schedule 2 of the Habitat 





be needed. 


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As the proposed turbine is located in an open area, away from woodland and moorland it is unlikely that 

wildcats will be present. 

Amphibians and Reptiles 

There are a large number of these creatures found across Scotland. Of all of the types found, Great 

Crested Newts, Natterjack Toads, Sand Lizards, and all Marine Turtles are designated as European 

Protected Species and so are protected under Schedule 2 of the Habitat Regulations 1994 (as amended 

in Scotland). Therefore, if a development is likely to disturb or endanger any of these specific species, a 

licence is likely to be required. 

The proposed turbine location is located in a field approximately 316m away watercourse it is unlikely that 

the above named species will be present. 

Non-native Invasive Plant Species 

Japanese Knotweed is a Schedule 9 Species, on the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as amended and 

it is an offence to introduce or cause this species to spread in the wild. It is easily spread by parts of the 

root or stem and its root systems can spread to a distance of up to 7m from the plant. 

SNH have not recorded Japanese Knotweed in the area and a site walkover failed to record any in the 

proposed area of works or nearby. In addition, it is unlikely to be found in open field areas such as that 

used for the proposed turbine. Should it be identified at the site of the proposed turbine during 

construction it will be eradicated and disposed of according to SNH and SEPA guidance. The expected 

method, should the plant be identified, would be to use a glyphosate based weed killer according to 

relevant guidance in consultation with SEPA. Should the plant be found near a watercourse, the range of 

herbicides available for use is restricted and written permission would need to be obtained from SEPA. 

Habitat Protection 

The turbine’s position is located within a field within Hartfield Farm, conserving field margin habitats 

maintained at the site. The construction access will border the field boundaries using previously used 

access where possible. 

2.2.2.1 Summary 

Overall, no sightings or evidence of the species listed was seen during the site visit. 

Given the unlikely potential for the species listed to be present on site we do not anticipate any further 

investigation required other than that detailed above. 

Based on guidance notes given by Scottish Natural Heritage – Protected Species 

http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/protected-species/ 

2.2.3 Ornithology 

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) considers climate change to be the biggest threat to 

birds and other wildlife; they believe that the development of wind power generation in the UK can be 

achieved in harmony with the natural environment rather than at the expense of it. Switching to green 

energy solutions such as wind powered electricity will minimise climate change and subsequently reduce 

the threat to birds. Therefore, with careful location of wind turbines and respect to sensitive bird species, 

wind turbines will have no significant adverse impact on bird populations or their habitat and will ultimately 

benefit birds. 


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Wind turbines can affect birds in four ways: 

1. Collision 

2. Displacement (due to disturbance) 

3. Barrier 

4. Habitat Loss 

The RSPB produced a Bird Sensitivity Map which aids the location of onshore wind turbine development 

in Scotland. This map is based on bird species of conservation concern and Special Protection Areas 

(SPA) and indicates where wind turbines are more likely to conflict with bird sensitivities. 

The proposed wind turbine site of Hartfield Farm appears to fall within an area of low sensitivity, which 

means that it is unlikely to be classed as sensitive to bird species. Further investigation as outlined below 

was deemed necessary to confirm this. 

BirdTrack, through a partnership between the BTO, the RSPB, Birdwatch Ireland and the Scottish 

Ornithologists' Club, is a system that looks at migration movements and distributions of birds throughout 

Britain and Ireland. BirdTrack provides facilities for observers to store and manage their own personal 

records as well as using these to support species conservation at local, regional, national and 

international scales. Area wide surveys identify which species can be present, demonstrate diversity and 

determine how sensitive an area might be to development. Information which pinpoints the specific or 

exact location of breeding rare birds is often protected. 

On checking the database for the NS45 10km tetrad, where regional data appropriate to the site can be 

identified, it indicated that during the current determination period there is a regional species diversity with 

a percentage (90%) of potentially present species recorded in the winter and at breeding times. 

On checking the database for grid reference NS45 10km tetrad, there is the possibility of a number of 

different species being found in the greater area based on previous studies and recordings made 

between 2007 and 2011 during which a total of 89 different species were identified. Common garden, 

grassland and water birds have been identified across this area. Protected and rare species identified in 

the greater area where Black Throated Diver, Brambling, Common Scooter, Hen Harrier, Jack Snipe, 

Smew, and Whooper Swan. On checking the database for grid reference NS4258 two species were 

identified in 2011, Brambling and Raven. 

The SNH search tool for locating protected species also provides information regarding bird species 

found in the surrounding area. A total of 66 different bird species were identified in the broader area from 

the Clyde Breeding Bird Tetrad Atlas 1985-1991 and Bird Conservation Targeting Project (BCTP) in the 

UK, 2005-2010 Sensitive Species winter sightings in the UK. These included Long-eared Owl, Short- 

eared Owl, Peregrine Falcon, Willow Ptarmigan and Skylark. 

Large survey areas of 10km wide tetrads would be expected to support a variety of different birds. The 

surveys indicate a relatively large diversity and therefor,e it is likely that the area may be deemed to be of 

medium sensitivity to bird species. However it is unlikely to be of high concern to important rare species. 

The RSPB website in 2011 states that ‘Switching to renewable energy now, rather than in ten or twenty 

years time, is essential if we are to stabilise levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at safe levels. 

Wind power is the most advanced renewable technology available at a large scale during this time period. 

For this reason, the RSPB supports a significant growth in offshore and onshore wind power generation in 

the UK.’ 


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To meet renewables targets, the RSPB has also stated ‘it favours a broad mix of renewables, including 

solar, wind, and marine power, wherever they are used in ways that minimise unnecessary damage to 

wildlife and the natural environment.’ The RSPB ‘particularly support solutions that enable individuals and 

communities to generate their own power close their homes and businesses.’ This single turbine proposal 

is compatible with these aims and the choice of proposed turbine location respects bird sensitivities. 

Extracts from the RSPB website http://www.rspb.org.uk/ (August – September 2011) 

2.3 Local Plan Policy 

2.3.1 Renfrewshire Local Plan 

POLICY Ren 1: Criteria for Assessing Proposals for Development of Renewable Energy Sources 

The Council is supportive of an increase in the proportion of electricity produced from renewable sources, 

but will require proposals for development of renewable energy sources to meet the following criteria:- 

(a) there is no unacceptable impact on the amenity of nearby residents, in terms of statutory air quality 

objectives, noise or other nuisances; 

(b) visual intrusion within the landscape in terms of scale, location, design, etc. has been minimised; 

(c) during the process leading to the selection of the proposed site, consideration was also given to 

alternative sites, and the selection of the proposed site can be justified; 

(d) the cumulative impact of the proposed development along with any other existing and approved 

similar developments will not lead to an unacceptable impact on the environment and amenity; 

(e) arrangements are in place to ensure restoration of the site to an acceptable 

Section 12 Renewable Energy of the Renfrewshire Local Plan, Wider Environmental Framework, notes in 

12.6 that ‘In seeking to accommodate renewable energy development, it is essential to ensure that this is 

not achieved at the expense of unacceptable damage to the environment and amenity. In addition, all of 

Renfrewshire is covered by the Glasgow Airport consultation zone for wind power. All proposals for wind 

turbines will therefore be considered under POLICY AIRPORT 4. 

POLICY AIRPORT 4: Airport Safeguarding Areas 

The Council will refer planning applications located within designated airport safeguarding areas, as 

identified on safeguarding plans which are reviewed on occasion by the Civil Aviation Authority or 

appropriate body, to the appropriate authority and will refuse consent where airport or aircraft safety is 

considered to be compromised. The Council will similarly refer development proposals which are 

considered likely to be in conflict with the operation of the airport’s aerial approach and departure routes. 

Response to Local Plan Policy POLICY Ren 1: 

The application for the proposed turbine includes information in response to Policy REN 1 in regard to the 

impact on amenity, visual intrusion, site selection, cumulative impact, impact on the environment and 

restoration. These are included within Section 3 Technical Appraisal. 


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The proposed development is for a single turbine which has a tip height of 45.9m and is of reduced size 

and capacity in comparison to turbines currently installed within wind farms which may have tip heights of 

100m-120m. It consequently has reduced visual impact. The effect of visual impact is discussed within 

Section 3.6 and turbine visualisations have been prepared and are contained within the Appendices. 

Noise levels are described within Section 3.7 as is the effect of shadow flicker in Section 3.9. Associated 

separation distances are graphically displayed in the Appendices. 

The proposed development is sympathetic to its environment and there will be no significant, 

unacceptable adverse impact, or adverse cumulative impact from the development. Its size and capacity 

are suited for community wind energy projects and farm diversification. Farming can continue at the 

proposed site and the proposal is compatible with encouraging diversification among the farming 

community in rural Renfrewshire. 

POLICY ENV 3: Local Designations: Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) 

The Council will protect and where possible enhance SINCs, and, where appropriate, promote links 

between SINCs which will act as wildlife corridors. However, the Council recognises that some of the 

identified SINCs coincide with sites which are regarded as being suitable for development through Local 

Plan policies and where there is a presumption in favour of development. Development proposals for 

sites covered by the SINC designation will be assessed, therefore, against the following criteria. 

(a) The social and economic benefits of the development proposal. 

(b) Any adverse impact on the nature conservation interest of the site being acceptable to the Council. 

(c) The provision of satisfactory compensatory nature conservation benefits. The above would also apply 

to SINCs identified and approved in the future by the Council. 

Response to ENV 3 

Land to the North of Hartfield Farm and Caplaw Dam contain areas identified as SINCs. The proposed 

turbine location will be microsited to be outside such designated areas. The proposed turbine will be 

microsited in response to the need to protect the habitat within the SINC. The access road will not cross 

the SINC. 

The proposed development is sympathetic to its environment and there will be no significant, 

unacceptable adverse impact, or adverse cumulative impact from the development. Its size and capacity 

are suited for community wind energy projects and farm diversification. Farming can continue at the 

proposed site and the proposal is compatible with encouraging diversification among the farming 

community in rural East Renfrewshire, in accordance with the East Renfrewshire Rural Development 

Strategy 2008 - 2013. 

POLICY GB1: Green Belt 

The Council will protect the Glasgow & the Clyde Valley Green Belt within Renfrewshire as defined on the 

Proposals Map. Acceptable forms of development in the Green Belt will be limited to those falling into the 

categories 1 to 13. 

Category 13, Renewable Energy Developments, will be subject to provisions of POLICY Ren1. 


11 



3. Technical Assessment 

3.1 Site Topography 

The application site bounds a gently sloping hill, rising from a ground level of approximately 185m above 

ordnance datum (AOD) in the North with the hillside rising up to a level of approximately 220m AOD in the 

centre of the site. A drainage channel is present in the North with the ground described as boggy in OS 

Map close to what was described as Whittliemuir Midton Loch. 

It appears unlikely that there will be any significant development constraints linked to site topography, and 

these works would be classed as common civil and structural engineering issues which are controlled by 

Planning Policy Guidelines (PPG). 

3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology 

The British Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale (solid and drift) map indicates that the site is underlain by 

Devensian Till. Till (Boulder Clay) is usually described as a heterogeneous mixture of stiff to hard clay, 

sand, gravel and boulders varying widely in size and shape. 

Superficial deposits are underlain by Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation of Strathclyde Group. Clyde 

Plateau Volcanic Formation comprises of lavas, tuffs and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks with a wide 

range of compositions. These are mainly basaltic and trachytic rocks. 

Given the geology of the site, it is unlikely that any past mineral extraction has taken place beneath the 

site. From the information currently available to the Coal Authority, a mining report is not required for this 

site. 

The superficial deposits would be classified as a locally important aquifer. BGS Hydrogeological Map of 

Scotland indicates that the site is in a region underlain by impermeable rocks, generally without 

groundwater, except at shallow depth. 

In conclusion, no significant geological or hydrogeological constraints have been identified for this site, 

and therefore, pose no constraint to development 


12 



3.3 Hydrology 

An examination of the SEPA indicative flood map for the site indicates that the site is unlikely to be at risk 

of flooding. The proposed turbine site is located outside the indicative flood plains of Old Patrick Water. 

Figure 3: SEPA Flood Map 

Extract of SEPA Flood Map 

It is anticipated that the development will have no impact on the watercourses or groundwater. The 

contractor will follow all planning policy guidelines in relation to pollution control as outlined by SEPA. 

The turbine and access roads will not have any positive drainage proposals and therefore will provide 

Greenfield runoff and be designed in accordance with planning guidelines and SEPA recommendations. 

Ensuring the above notes are taken in to account the proposed development will present no hydrological 

constraints. 

3.4 Forestry 

No significant constraints are expected as there are no areas of forestry identified on the site which are 

likely to be affected by the proposed turbine. Should additional screening be necessary, it would be 

possible to extend this natural effect by planting within the site boundaries. 


13 



3.5 Archaeology 

An examination of the Pastmap website indicates no scheduled ancient monuments within the site 

boundary. There are however, several entries on the National Monuments Record of Scotland, outside 

the site boundary, as stated in Table 2 below: 

Figure 4: Location of National Monuments 

Pastmap 


14 



SITE NUMBER SITE NAME CLASS 

NS45NW.1.- WALLS HILL NS 4117058800 

NS45NW.6.- 

NS45NW.7.7 

NS45NW.7.8 

NS45NW.7.1 

NS45NW.7.2 

NS45NW.7.3 

NS45NW.7.4 

NS45NW.7.5 

NS45NW.7.6 

WHITTLIEMUIR MIDTON LOCH 

NS 41455922 


NS 41845864 


NS 4170 5918 

WHITTLIEMUIR MIDTON LOCH, 

NORTH DAM NS 4170 5918 

WHITTLIEMUIR MIDTON LOCH, WEST 

DAM NS 4156 5893 


NS 4191 5868 


NS 4179 5858 


NS 4170 5918 


NS 4163 5868 

Table 2: National Monument Details 

Source: Extracts from Pastmap Search Tool 

FORT, FLAKE (FLINT), UNIDENTIFIED 

POTTERY (IRON AGE) 

FARMSTEAD, FIELD SYSTEM(S), MIDDEN 

(POSSIBLE) 

STONE HEAP(S) 

STONE HEAP 


15 


Farm\Documents\Reports\CIV12920_1202xx_Hartfield_Supporting Turbine Assessment_225kW.docx 

DAM 

DAM 

ROAD 

STRUCTURE 

DAM (POSSIBLE), ROAD (POSSIBLE) 

STONE HEAP(S) 

Balgray Barn and Balgray Cottage are Category B and C(S) listed buildings respectively. Old maps, 

namely the 1863-1964 Renfrewshire 1:10,560, show Whittliemuir Dam and Hartfield Farm. 

Potential issues may comprise disturbance or destruction of sub-surface archaeological deposits as a 

result of turbine construction and enabling works. The above sites have been considered when 

positioning the turbine so are therefore, unlikely to be affected by its construction. In relation to 

archaeology we therefore, do not anticipate the need for any further investigation at the proposed site 

location; however should archaeological features be found on site during construction, a detailed site 

survey will be carried out in accordance with Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS 5) and other relevant 

Scottish Planning Policies, such as Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP), Scottish Planning Policy 

(SPP) and Planning Advice Note 2/2011 (PAN 2/2011), as well as other relevant Local Council Policies. 

In addition, if thought necessary by the council and archaeological services, the client is prepared to 

engage an archaeological organisation, approved by the council, to carry out an archaeological watching 

brief throughout all ground disturbance activities. They will be given access at reasonable times and 

allowed to record, recover and report any items of interest and finds.

3.6 Visibility 

Visual analysis of the proposed development is carried out in three stages: 

1. Zone of Theoretical Visibility 

2. Viewpoints 

3. Visualisations 

3.6.1 Zone of Theoretical Visibility 

The Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) identifies where the proposed wind turbine can theoretically be 

seen and gives a good indication of the broad area this visibility extends too. The ZTV represents visibility 

as though the ground surface was bare, not considering screening from trees, buildings etc. The earth 

curvature and refraction of light affect the visibility over a great distance. This was not calculated during 

the ZTV for the farm which means the visibility will be over calculated. 

As recommended, in the SNH Visual Representation of Wind Farm report, for a turbine height of 45.9m to 

the tip, the ZTV distance of 15km was used from the centre of the turbine. The target height (turbine) was 

taken to be centred over the base of the wind turbine. The Hub and Blade Tip Zone of Theoretical 

Visibility map is shown in Appendix H. Visibility is constrained from the North East and South of the 

turbine. Potential visibility extents North and West with the hub being visible 15km away. Just because a 

development is seen does not mean it is a significant visual impact. 

The SNH Visual Representation of Wind Farm report states that at 10km from a turbine, the nacelle detail 

cannot be identified. At 15km, the blade movement would be unnoticed to a casual observer. 

Taking the above note into account, along with the ZTV results illustrated in Appendix H, the properties in 

close proximity of the turbine will evidently have the most prominent view of the turbine. However, it is 

anticipated that the visibility of the wind turbine will not generate a substantial concern to the visual impact 

of the local community and out with. 

3.6.2 Viewpoints 

Viewpoints are selected places from which the proposal may be seen. Viewpoints are used to assess the 

existing visual resource, sensitivity of this resource to wind development, and predicted appearance of 

the final proposed development. 

A viewpoint can be representative or specific. A representative viewpoint illustrates a range of views that 

will see the proposed development. Specific viewpoints are views from a specific location, such as local 

visitor attractions, settlements, routes valued for their scenic amenity and places with cultural landscape 

association. 

Three viewpoints were selected as part of the visual analysis. Their locations are shown in Appendix G. 

A photograph was taken from each point towards the proposed turbine position representing the existing 

view from this location. Further visualisations were carried out as explained below. 

As can be seen in the visualisations, the view of the turbine location from each of the viewpoints proves 

not to be intrusive. 

3.6.3 Visualisations 

Visualisations are illustrations that represent the observer’s view, from the above viewpoints, of the 

proposed wind turbine, such as photomontages, wireframes and photographs. 


16 



A photomontage is a computer-generated image based on a photograph taken from a specific point. The 

photomontages in Appendix G, represent the predicted view and illustrates the predicted visual effect on 

this view from the chosen viewpoints. 

Wireframes are computer-generated line drawings, showing a 3D image of the landscape and help with 

the assessment of the scale and position of the turbine within the surrounding area. Wireframes were 

produced for each viewpoint representing the turbine visibility from the same point the photograph was 

taken. 

A panoramic view of the local landscape has also been produced to indicate the visibility of the proposed 

turbine in the surrounding area. This view was taken from 1.0km from the turbine and is shown in 

Appendix G. 

The viewpoints and visualisation are shown in Appendix G. 

3.7 Noise Sensitive Receptors 

The sound power level measurements are taken from measurement data provided by the turbine 

manufacturer. The measurements given were calculated according to ETSU-R-97 guidelines for L90- 

10min levels and performed according to the International Standard IEC 64100-11 December 2002: 

"Wind turbine generator systems – Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques ". 

ETSU-R-97 provides a framework for the assessment and rating of noise from wind turbine installations 

and the noise limit criteria will be carried out in accordance to it. The guidelines recommend the 

application of noise limits at the nearest noise sensitive properties to protect outside amenity and prevent 

sleep disturbance inside dwellings. This guidance proposes a site standard of 5dB 22 LA90 10min above 

background noise level. The guidance also includes a fixed limit at wind speeds or locations where 

background noise levels are low. It would be expected a planning condition be applied to day time 

operation of the turbine for this application of 35 – 40dB 22 LA90 10min. The night time guidance recommends 

a limit of 43dB 22 LA90 10min. where the background noise is below 38 dB 22 LA90 10min. For the applicant, this 

level night time level is raised to 45dB 22 LA90 10min. 

From the manufacturer’s guidance documents, it is stated that at 420m away, a noise level of 35dB is 

expected to be recorded and for a distance of 260m, a noise level of 40dB is likely. Therefore, it is 

deemed likely that dwellings over 420m away from the proposed turbine site will not be affected by noise 

levels. If however, a property is within 420m, but more than 260m from the proposed turbine location, it is 

deemed likely that the noise levels recorded will still be within the range allowed as stated above. In 

addition, the manufacturer's guidance states that tonal elements "cannot be classified as distinctly 

audible" and therefore, are assumed not to be of consequence. 

Other than the applicant, the closest noise sensitive receptors to the site include; 

• Beech Tree Cottage, immediately adjacent to the site, approximately 420m from the proposed 

turbine location. 

• Brownside, two cottages at Mid Hartfield over 420m away, within 1km of the site. 

As the nearest noise receptor other than the applicant, is over 420m away, the expected noise limits are 

predicted to be below ETSU guidance. Therefore, it is concluded that a full noise impact assessment is 

not deemed necessary. 


17 



3.8 Vibration 

The Dunlaw study was designed to measure effects of extremely low level vibration on one of the quietest 

sites (Eskdalemuir) in the world, and one which houses one of the most sensitive seismic installations in 

the world. This study was designed to measure effects of extremely low level vibration at Eskdalemuir, 

housing. In a rebuttal to the negative press coverage which followed publication of the report, it was 

stated that while it is technically correct that vibrations can be picked up as far away as 10km, to give this 

impression that they can be felt at this distance is misleading. 

Vibrations at this level and in the frequency range will be available from all kinds of sources such as traffic 

and background noise and are certainly not confined to wind turbines. To put this level of vibration into 

context, they are ground vibrations with amplitudes of about one millionth of a millimetre. There is no 

possibility of humans sensing the vibration and absolutely no risk to human health. The department of 

trade and industry (DTI) by ETSU carried out a study into low frequency noise and vibration from wind 

farms. The study conclusions were that vibration levels attenuated rapidly with distance; 100m from the 

turbine, vibration levels were 10 times lower than those recommended for human exposure in critical 

buildings; there was no clear increase in vibration with wind speed and tones above 3.0Hz were found to 

attenuate rapidly with distance. 

Due to the distance to the nearest residential property it is concluded there will be no constraints to 

development and no need for any further assessment. 

3.9 Shadow Flicker 

Wind turbines, like all tall structures, cast shadows. The shadow length varies depending on the sun’s 

altitude, geographical position, the time of day, time of year and rotor diameter. As the sun passes 

behind the blade of the wind turbine a moving shadow is cast over the neighbouring properties. If this 

shadow passes over a window, the light in the room will decrease and increase as the blade rotate 

creating a flick-on flick-off affect know as shadow flicker. 

Information specific to shadow flicker may be found in “Planning for Renewable Energy: A Companion 

Guide to Planning Policy Statement PPS22 Renewable Energy.” The Companion Guide states that 

‘Although problems caused by shadow flicker are rare, for sites where existing development may be 

subject to this problem, applicants for planning permission for wind turbine installation should provide an 

analysis to quantify the effect.’ 

Therefore, in order to quantify this effect, a Shadow Impact Assessment has been carried out in 

accordance with the above policy which states that shadow flicker effects have been proven to occur only 

within 10 rotor diameters of a turbine and the area within 130 degrees each side of north. Areas outwith 

this are not affected as there is no path between the sun and the turbine which could cause shadow 

flicker. Additionally, in situations where there are properties within the shadow flicker area, they will only 

be affected if there are windows or openings facing the turbine. 

The turbine rotor in this assessment is 27m diameter. The study area is therefore limited to a 270m 

radius from the proposed turbine. As illustrated in the Turbine and Constraints drawing contained in 

Appendix D, there are no dwelling houses, workplace or community facilities within the area which can be 

affected. It can therefore be concluded that shadow flicker will not be an issue for this site. 


18 



3.10 Main Infrastructure 

The location of the proposed single turbine is approximately 866m from the B775, minimising alterations 

required to the current road network. 

An evaluation of the route on public roads confirms that no alterations will be required. 

3.10.1 Transport 

The proposed site is located on a field boundary, close to a minor C road which bisects the farm 

northwest to southwest. The site is currently farmland with a fence line running to and past the site, so 

providing a suitable route for an access track to the proposed turbine site to be constructed. The field 

enclosing the turbine can be accessed from the minor C road from an existing field access. See Appendix 

B Planning Application Boundary for the position of the proposed primary access route. 

An existing gate is present on the minor C road at the field boundary against where the access road will 

be constructed. This can be used to access the field. The minor C road is considered to be lightly 

trafficked, and predominately used by agricultural traffic. Access to the minor C road adjacent to the site 

can be achieved from the B775 in the southeast. 

The B775 is subject to a 60mph speed restriction and provides access from the A736 at Lugton and M8 

at Paisley. The transport route is expected to avoid passing through Paisley whenever possible. The 

B775 possesses steep gradients southwest of Paisley at Gleniffer Braes which may reduce access from 

the north along the B775. 

Structures along these routes will be investigated and assessed if necessary, in consultation with the 

Council and national road authority. 

The following constraints apply when transporting this type of turbine; 

• A minimum clearance width of 3.5m 

• A clearance height 5m 

• A maximum longitudinal slope of 10 degrees 

• Maximum Axle Load of 13t 

The majority of the wind turbine components are transported on a standard flatbed truck, up to 40ft in 

length. The following delivery units are normally required: 

• Nacelle (1 delivery truck per turbine, normally an open top 40ft container) 

• Tower Sections (1 delivery truck per turbine) 

• Blades (1 delivery truck for every turbines, i.e. 3 blades per truck, with support structure if on a 

flatbed truck) 

• Foundation section (1 truck for 2 rings, normally 20ft platform or 4 rings on one 40ft platform) 

Therefore, from an initial assessment of the local and national infrastructure it would appear that the local 

network is acceptable for delivery with limited modification of the network. See Appendix E for the 

proposed transport route drawing. 


19 



3.10.2 Access 

Access to the turbine will be provided along an access road which extends North West from the minor Croad 

to the South East of the site, towards the proposed turbine location. 

Figure 5: Turbine Access 

OS Map Data 

3.10.3 Method Statement 

It is anticipated that the construction period will be no more than 4 weeks with only light traffic during the 

last 2 weeks, except for the turbine delivery vehicle and crane which will be accompanied in from and rear 

by escort vehicles. 

The information below is based on granular material being sourced from a local quarry and concrete 

being delivered from a local plant using 6 or 9m 3 vehicles. Other materials such as reinforcement and 

cables will be delivered wing 6 wheel lorries and excavation plant will be delivered on low loaders. 

In regards to the amount of excavated material, we have assumed an approximation of 2 cubic meters 

per meter of access track and 64 cubic meters for the turbine foundation. This estimate is subject to 

change dependant on ground conditions on site etc. However, as an approximation based on an access 

track length of 620m the total amount of excavated material would be 1304 cubic meters or 2477.6t 

(based on 1900kg/m 3 ). It has been assumed that standard 20t vehicles will be used. Any excavated 

material will be retained on-site. 


20 



The material excavated from the turbine foundation area will be retained on site. 

Approximate Vehicle Trips 

Numbers shown are for in and out: 

Stone: 248 trips 

Concrete: 10 trips 

Reinforcement: 2 trips 

Cables: 4 trips 

General Waste: 2 trips 

Miscellaneous: 2 trips 

Plant: Low loader – 20t excavator x 2 

Low loader – 8t excavator x 2 

Dump truck x 2 

Abnormal Loads: Crane x 2 

Total: 284 

Low Loader x 2 – crane equipment 

Turbine x 6 – the turbine arrives in 3 parts, column blades and nacelle 

Should suitable material be found on site, including concrete batching, the numbers indicated could be 

reduced. 

3.10.4 Right of Way 

The OS mapping of the site and the information held by the Local Authority do not denote any paths 

crossing the site. The small number of tracks that are denoted are expected to be farm tracks and their 

status as public rights of way is very unlikely. A site visit confirmed that there are no tracks adjacent to 

the proposed wind turbine location. 

3.11 Aviation/NATS/MOD & Telecommunication 

3.11.1 Aviation/NATS/MOD 

Wind turbine interaction with aviation operations, civil and military aerodromes and other air navigation 

service providers, present two main obstructions. 

1) Physical obstruction 

2) Impact on radar services 

It is understood that the Ministry of Defence (MOD), the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and National Air 

Traffic Control Services Ltd (NATS) will need to be consulted over the propose wind turbine site. The 

“Wind Farm Developers Application Proforma” was sent on the 12 nd October 2011 to the MOD and CAA 

in relation to the erection of the proposed wind turbine and we are awaiting a response. 


21 



Self assessment maps show that the site; 

• Appears to be outwith a Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) zone 

• is in an area of concern with MOD/MET office radar for larger wind farms 

• is in an area with no military flying concerns 

• appears to fall within a Civil Aviation Aerodrome or Consultation Zone 

Maps are also available through NATS EN-Route Plc (NERL), which are designed to aid developers in 

understanding where interference with NERL infrastructure is likely. The maps provide guidance and do 

not represent no-go areas nor do they represent an exhaustive list of areas which will be affected. 

The proposed turbine position is within 15 nautical miles of a Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) and it 

is within 10km of a Navigation Aids (NAV) consultation zones. Air Traffic Services would carry out a full 

in-depth assessment, upon receiving a turbine application. It is outwith10km from an Air Ground Air 

(AGA) zone. 

In addition, the proposed site with a 45.9m to tip wind turbine on it is not within 10km of an Air-Ground-Air 

or Navigation Aid site or within the detection zone of NERL’s Primary Surveillance Radar. 

Five civil aviation primary surveillance radar (PSR) positions were identified as listed in Table 3 below. 

On examining the distance from the identified PSRs, it was established that it is unlikely that any, other 

than Glasgow PSRs, would be affected. Therefore, radar lines-of-site were analysed to identify the 

likelihood of the Glasgow’s radar being affected by the development. From this it is considered possible 

that Glasgow PSR could be affected as it is visible. However, it should be noted that being visible to radar 

does not always mean that there will be a sustained objection as buildings or trees may shield the 

proposed development, the radar operator may have no operational concerns and the turbine may be a 

significant distance from the radar so as not to cause clutter. The lines-of- sight for the PSRs are shown 

in Appendix I. 

In addition to the above airport PSRs, Aberdeen, Wick, Inverness and Campbeltown airports were also 

investigated. However, owing to all being over 50km from the proposed turbine site, it was assumed they 

will be unaffected by the proposed development. 

PSR OS REFERENCE DISTANCE 

EASTING NORTHING 

FROM 

TURBINE 

(KM) 

EDINBURGH AIRPORT 314080 674096 73 

GLASGOW AIRPORT 247719 667299 9 

KINCARDINE 292458 687947 57 

LOWTHER HILL 289016 610709 63 

PRESTWICK AIRPORT 236415 625963 32 

Table 3: Primary Surveillance Radar 

(Source: NATS 2009: Engineering and Programmes – Scottish TMA Primary Radar Capability Study”) 


22 



3.11.2 Telecommunications 

Wind turbines can cause interference to local TV and Radio reception either by obstruction or by 

reflection. Viewers situated forward of the wind farm (aerial point through the turbines) may have their 

signals periodically obstructed by the rotating blades causing a scattering of the signal. Viewers to the 

side may experience periodic reflection from the blade, giving rise to a delayed image. 

Microwave links can be affected by reflection, blocking and radio frequency interference. Generally a 

clear distance of 200m between the boresite of the microwave link and a turbine is set to avoid any 

interference. 

There are two transmitters, 22m and 13.8m tall, 2.3km Southeast of the proposed turbine location on 

Sergeant Law Road, operated by 3 and T-Mobile respectively. There is a 15m telecommunications mast 

operated by Orange located approximately 2.8km Northwest of the proposed turbine location by the 

electricity substation off the B775. There is a 40.5m telecommunications mast operated by Vodafone at 

Sargent Law and six other masts identified on OS Maps approximately 3km away. 

Spectrum Licensing, formally known as The Office of Communications (Ofcom), is responsible for the 

licensing of two-way radio transmitters and holds a register and database of most microwave links. The 

GIS database map was studied on 21 th October 2011 regarding the proposed turbine location to establish 

the links that could be affected in the area. Link details were then requested from the affected operators, 

and once the position of these links are known they will be checked against the turbine position. 

The BBC is responsible for terrestrial television transmission for domestic reception within the UK. The 

BBC was consulted on the 11 th October 2011 regarding the potential effects the proposed wind turbine 

may have on television reception. Their response states that a turbine erected in the proposed position is 

likely to affect 0 homes for which there is no alternative off-air service and 1159 homes for which there 

may be an alternative off-air service. The transmitters likely to be affected are Black Hill CH5, Darvel, 

Darvel CH5, Black Hill and Uplawmoor. 

The BBC’s response takes no account of the size of the proposed turbine which is significantly smaller 

than operational turbines found in wind farms generally. The proposed turbine, because of its size, is also 

likely to pose fewer potential effects on television reception than larger turbines. Blades are also made 

from modern materials such as fibre glass reinforced polyester (GFRP) and consequently present fewer 

issues. 

The extent of interference will only become apparent once the wind turbine is operational. The turbine 

blades may affect analogue signals considerably more than digital signals. Stage 2 of the digital switch 

over in this area has already been completed eliminating the concern of interference to analogue signals. 

In conclusion interference levels are predicted to be low. 

3.12 Cumulative Impact 

3.12.1 Regional 

RenewableUK maintain records of wind farms which are operational, under construction, consented or in 

planning. These are outlined below; 


23 



Table 4: Operational Wind Farms 

NAME & 

REGION 

ARDROSSAN 

EXTENSION, 

NORTH 

AYRSHIRE 

ARDROSSAN, 

NORTH 

AYRSHIRE 

WARDLAW 

WOOD, 

DALRY 

COMMUNITY 

WINDFARM, 

NORTH 

AYRSHIRE 

HARE HILL, 

EAST 

AYRSHIRE 

WHITELEE, 

EAGLESHAM 

MOOR EAST 

RENFREWSH 

IRE, EAST 

AYRSHIRE 

DATE 

OPERATIONAL 

NOS. OF 

TURBINES 

TURBINE DETAILS PROJECT 

HUB 

HEIGHT 

(M) 

ROTOR 

DIAMETER 

(M) 

CAPACITY 

(MW) 

GRID REF DEVELOPER 

OCTOBER 2008 2 60 80 6 NS 236 471 INFINIS/ 

FEBRUARY 

2004 

TERRA FERMA 

12 80 24 NS 227 443 INFINIS/ 

TERRA FERMA 

JUNE 2006 6 60 90 18 NS 290497 COMMUNITY 

WINDPOWER 

NOVEMBER 

2000 

20 40 

60 


24 


Farm\Documents\Reports\CIV12920_1202xx_Hartfield_Supporting Turbine Assessment_225kW.docx 

47 

40 

13 NS 658084 

SCOTTISH 

POWER 

MAY 2009 140 100 101 322 NS 600460 SCOTTISH 

POWER 

Table 5: Wind Farms Under Construction 

NAME & 

REGION 

MILLOUR HILL, 

(NORTH 

AYRSHIRE) 

WHITELEE 

PHASE 2 

EXTENSION, 

EAST 

AYRSHIRE 

WHITELEE 

PHASE 1 

EXTENSION 

EAST 

RENFREWSHIR 

E 

DATE 

LISTED 

JANUARY 

2011 

DECEMBER 

2010 

DECEMBER 

2010 

NOS. OF 

TURBINES 

PROJECT 

CAPACITY 

(MW) 


6 18 NS 257 527 COMMUNITY 

WINDPOWER 

39 109 NS 600 460 SCOTTISH POWER 

36 108 NS 599 460 SCOTTISH POWER

Table 6: Consented Projects 

NAME & 

REGION 

KELBUR, 

NORTH 

AYRSHIRE 

DATE 

APPROVED 

Table 7: Projects in Planning 

NOS. OF 

TURBINES 

PROJECT 

CAPACITY 

(MW) 


MARCH 2009 14 28 NS 245 555 RES 

NAME & REGION DATE LISTED NOS. OF 

TURBINES 

WATERHEAD MOOR 

RE-SUBMISSION, 

NORTH AYRSHIRE 

HARELAW 

RENEWABLE ENERGY 

PARK, EAST 

AYRSHIRE, EAST 

RENFREWHIRE 

COWANS LAW, EAST 

AYRSHIRE 

3.12.2 Local 

GRID REF 

SEPTEMBER 2010 29 NS 255 625 

JUNE 2009 40 NS 476 519 

SEPTEMBER 2008 25 NS 525 418 

No planning applications have been submitted on behalf of Intelligent Land Investments within a 7km 

radius of the proposed turbine site. 

3.13 Turbine Location 

Having considered site constraints and completed consultations, the turbine has been located as 

indicated below. There may be a need to adjust the turbine or access track location during construction 

due to conditions on site that are currently unknown. These will only be identified through detailed design. 

We therefore request a micrositing allowance of 25m. 


25 



Figure 6: Turbine Location 

OS Map Data 

3.14 Wind Resource Assessment 

The wind speed at the proposed turbine location has been taken from the RenewableUK database and 

forms the basis of the energy yield assessment carried out during the review process. 

The turbine will be a 225kW turbine. The wind speed database for the turbine location has a yearly 

average wind speed of 8.5m/s at a height of 45m. However extrapolating the likely average wind velocity 

at a hub height of 32.4m, the expected wind speed on average is expected to be approximately 8.06m/s. 

As this speed is within the manufacture’s guideline range for operational wind speed, it is predicted to 

operate effectively for the majority of its lifetime. 


26 



WIND SPEED AT 45M ABOVE GROUND LEVEL (in m/s) 

8.1 8.2 8.3 

8.6 8.5 8.5 

8.6 8.6 8.6 


7.5 7.6 7.6 

8.1 7.9 7.8 

8.1 8 8.0 


6.7 6.8 6.8 

7.5 7.1 7 

7.4 7.3 7.4 

Table 8: RenewableUK Windspeed Data for NS4258 

3.15 Electrical Grid Connection Assessment 

The main technical consideration for the site is where the likely electrical connection to the grid might 

occur. There are also consideration surrounding costs associated with diversion, access and point of 

connection. Connection to the grid would be the subject to a separate Section 37 Electricity Act 1989 

application by Scottish Power as they are the local operator of the gird within this area. 

The closest electrical grid connection is currently being investigated with Scottish Power and will be 

developed further allowing an assessment on site risk capital cost of connection. From reviewing Scottish 

Power drawings the nearest primary hub substation is 3.5km from the site. In addition there is a 11kV 

overhead line network in the area. We therefore, see no constraints to development in relation to grid 

connection at this stage. 

3.16 Health and Safety 

The wind turbine specified for the proposed development will be designed and manufactured to 

international engineering design and manufacturing standards, including British Standard BS EN 61400- 

1:2005 and European Standard EN 50308:2004. The proposed development will be required to comply 

with all UK legislation, regulations and codes of practices and guidance, including the Health and Safety 

at Work Regulations and RenewableUK’s “Guidelines for Onshore and Offshore Wind Farms: Health & 

Safety in Wind Energy Sector” 

A common concern for the public is the potential for blade shear, ice throw and ice shear. Blade shear is 

where a part of a blade shred from the main body of the turbine. There is no known case or incidents of 

an injury caused to member of the public by such an incident. 


27 



Under certain conditions, ice may form on the blades. Ice throw is where ice is thrown from the blade due 

to the blade movement. Ice shear is where the ice falls from the blades and therefore, only affects the 

area directly under the turbine. 

Public access to the base of a turbine is normally restricted; where this is not the case signage is normally 

present informing the public of any hazards. 

Mitigation measures can be taken at a time of high risk, including a commitment to switch the turbine off 

during potential icing days. This will prevent any ice being thrown from the blades. In the event of the 

turbine being switched of, the commercial impact would be limited as ice normally occurs on days which 

are cold and still. 

After careful consideration, it is concluded that the development has no major health and safety concerns, 

provided that all mitigation measures are carried through. 

3.17 Maintenance 

Preventative and corrective maintenance is necessary to ensure optimal performance of the turbine. 

Typically this involves two men, in a small work van, visiting the site every 3-6months to carry out 

lubrication and review all settings and operational parameters. 

3.18 Decommissioning 

The normal service life of this type of turbine is 20-25 years. After the end of this time, the turbine would 

be decommissioned and the land returned, as close as practicable, to its original state. 

All above ground equipment would be removed from site. Any oversized elements would be cut to size to 

facilitate removal using standard lorries. The concrete foundation would be removed to a depth of 0.5m; 

the remaining foundation would be coved in peat, stone or other indigenous material. The underground 

cables would be left in place and disconnected from the grid. The access track will be removed, unless it 

is more beneficial to remain. The predicted cost for decommissioning works is outlined in Table 9. This 

cost includes an allowance for inflation over a 25 year period. 

PREDICTED COST 

DECOMMISSIONING £28,800 

SCRAP SALVAGE £23,562 

TOTAL COST MINUS SALVAGE £5,238 

Table 9: Predicted Cost Including 25yrs Inflation Allowance 


28 



4. Wider Environmental, Social Benefits 

Every unit (kWh) of electricity produced by wind power can displace a unit of power produced by power 

stations burning fossil fuels. Therefore, when wind turbines produce, they can displace output from coal 

and gas fired power stations, unit for unit. 

Gaseous emissions that wind energy can directly prevent being emitted by replacing fossil fuel fired plant 

are estimated to be 430g CO2/kWh (figure provided by RenewableUK). A turbine, with a rate capacity of 

225kW can supply electricity equivalent to the yearly demands of around 125 households. This would 

equate to a carbon saving of up to 254 tonnes per annum. 

The UK is a net importer of gas, with the majority coming from eastern European countries. An 

interruption in supply could expose the UK to power shortages. Therefore, increasing the number of wind 

energy power supplies can address the concerns of over-dependence by diversification. 

Community Benefit Fund 

Community benefit is a good will contribution voluntarily donated by a developer for the benefit of the 

community affected by the development. Community benefit can be a direct funding of local projects, 

technical financial or advisory support for community owned schemes and contribution to a community 

benefit fund. 

Intelligent Land Investments proposes to make a payment of £5000 per megawatt of installed capacity to 

a local community organisation that is £1125 per year for a 225kW. The amount would be paid for each 

year the wind turbine operates. The arrangements for disbursing this amount would be arranged with the 

relevant community organisation. There is a preference to identify a suitable organisation within 5km of 

the project location. In the event that a suitable organisation cannot be identified, then work will be done 

through a body such as the Scottish Communities Foundation. 


29 



5. Summary 

This site has been considered using various criteria including wind speeds, site area, proximity to grid 

connections, flexible consideration of altitude and location site gradients, site access, protection 

designations and minimum separation from habitation. The findings from this review of the key criteria 

are listed below and contained in-depth, within the main body of this document. 

• Environmental Designation Review: The positioning of the wind turbine has taken account 

of the local designations and avoided areas of special scientific interest and high wildlife 

value. The turbine is not predicted to pose a risk to the natural environment. The turbine’s 

location is not in an area of high environmental sensitivity. 

• Local Policy: The local policy has been reviewed and taken into consideration when 

developing this proposal. The turbine is positioned near a field boundary to minimise the 

amount of productive farmland lost, and is as far away from houses as possible. 

• Hydrology: No impact on watercourses or ground water is predicted from the development. 

The proposed turbine location is outside the indicative flood plain of local watercourses. 

• Archaeology: Entries on the National Monuments Record of Scotland were considered 

during the site selection and positioning of the turbine and further investigation is not 

deemed necessary. 

• Visual Impact: The size of the proposed turbine at a tip height of 45.9m has reduced visual 

impact and suited to development within lowlands. The site and proposed turbine size is 

unlikely to raise concerns regarding visual impact. The location and choice of the proposed 

turbine was carefully selected to provide the necessary performance without introducing 

unacceptable visual intrusion. The turbine is of a size that is compatible with the 

surrounding landscape. 

• Noise: The closest noise receptors other than the applicant where identified at being 420m 

away, and noise is expected to be below ETSU guidance limits. Noise is not predicted to 

be a problem. 

• Shadow flicker: The impacts from shadow flicker were described and identified and are not 

predicted to be a problem. 

• Transport and Access: Access and transport routes can be made via the B775. Structures 

that are anticipated to require weight capacity assessments along the transport route will 

be assessed in consultation with the local and national road authorities prior to 

construction. Access will be gained from a newly constructed access road. 

• Wind: The expected average wind speed is approximately 8.06m/s, and is of a suitable 

threshold for renewable power generation by the turbine. 

Consultation and a site visit by engineering and development personnel have highlighted that this site is 

suitable for development of a single wind turbine. 


30 



APPENDICES 

Waterman, Renewable Energy, 2/4 Canning Street Lane, Edinburgh, EH3 8ER T:0131 221 7020

A. Site Location Plans 


B. Planning Application Boundary 


C. Local Environmental Constraints 


D. Turbine Location and Site Constraints 


E. Proposed Transport Route 


F. Typical Turbine Details 


G. Viewpoints & Visualisation 


Hartfield Turbine Viewpoint A 

Existing View 

Viewpoint Data 

Grid Reference: 242123,658267 

Elevation: 202m AOD 

Turbine Elevation: 185m AOD 

Wireframe/Photograph 

Height Above Ground: 1.8m 

Camera: Nikon D80 Version 1.01 

Lense: 35mm focal length 

Location Plan 

Proposed Turbine Information 

Hub Height: 32.4m AOD 

Blade Tip Height: 45.9m AOD 


Photomontage of Predicted View (indicative) – turbine hidden behind trees 


Wireframe 


Hartfield Turbine Viewpoint B 

Existing View 









Location Plan 





Photomontage of Predicted View (indicative) 


Wireframe 


Hartfield Turbine Viewpoint C 

Existing View 









Location Plan 





Photomontage of Predicted View (indicative) 


Wireframe 


Hartfield Turbine Panoramic View 












Location Plan 


Existing Panoramic View of Turbine 

Photomontage of the Panoramic View of Turbine (indicative) 


H. Hub and Blade Tip - Zone of Theoretical Visibility 


I. Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR), Line-of-Sight 


Sightline from Glasgow PSR 

Height AoD (m) 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 

Distance from Radar (m) 

Waterman, Renewable Energy, 2/4 Canning Street Lane, Edinburgh, EH3 8ER T:0131 221 7020 

Ground Profile 

Radar Sightline 

Wind Turbine 

Radar Site 

Blocking Point

J. Plan of Developments within 30km of the Site

Supporting Documentation - Renfrewshire Council

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