NOx Emissions Impacts from Widespread Deployment of CHP in ...

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2.0. Commercial and Institutional Buildings NOx Emissions Report Many commercial and institutional facilities, because of their energy use profiles and needs, are potential candidates for CHP adoption. In particular, hospitals and hotels offer some of the greatest potential for CHP due to their need for hot water. Schools, office buildings, and large retail facilities can also be good CHP prospects, although typically with somewhat longer payback periods. To estimate the potential NOx emissions impact from implementation of CHP across the commercial and institutional building stock in HGB, the existing building stock was evaluated and screened for CHP potential. A combination of general industry guidelines combined with computer modeling was used to determine the building types suitable for CHP and to estimate the size and configuration of the CHP system. Only those buildings thought to offer reasonable technical and financial justification to adopt CHP were considered in the study. The methodology used in the study includes the following steps: • Survey and analyze the existing HGB building stock • Select building types with reasonable CHP potential • Establish prototypical building types and characteristics for selected buildings • Model building energy use for baseline and CHP cases (multiple operating scenarios) • Estimate a range of NOx emissions impacts expected for each prototype • Estimate total NOx impact by considering the existing building type count A detailed description of the methodology including models, tools, databases, assumptions, and scenarios used in the analysis is provided below. 2.1 Identifying Candidate Facilities The identification of building types and facilities potentially suitable for CHP system development required a survey and analysis of the commercial and institutional building stock in HGB. The building stock was broadly considered and screened for CHP viability. Those building types that met the following criteria were selected for further analysis: • The building type exhibited technical and operating requirements that are generally thought to provide reasonable justification in support of CHP development • The building type exists in sufficient numbers in the HGB region such that a penetration of CHP systems would generate a meaningful impact Commercial and institutional buildings within the greater Houston region were initially identified by examining the 2006 infoUSA Business/Employer database for the region. The database, which is licensed to the Houston-Galveston Area Council (H-GAC) and its Geographic Data Committee (GDC), of which HARC is a member, is the most up-to-date and comprehensive database of area businesses. It contains detailed information on more 11
Page 1 and 2: February 2008 NOx Emissions Impacts
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS NOx Emissions Rep
Page 5 and 6: BACT Best Available Control Technol
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NOx Emissions Rep
Page 9 and 10: NOx Emissions Report than half of t
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 Introduction NOx Emissions Repo
Page 13 and 14: NOx Emissions Report regulating mos
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1-2: Efficiency Comparison -
Page 17 and 18: NOx Emissions Report central statio
Page 19: NOx Emissions Report 1.6 Data Sourc
Page 23 and 24: Table 2-1: Commercial & Institution
Page 25 and 26: • Retail Buildings (2): big box r
Page 27 and 28: NOx Emissions Report To assess the
Page 29 and 30: NOx Emissions Report 2.4.2 Prototyp
Page 31 and 32: 3.0 Industrial Facilities NOx Emiss
Page 33 and 34: NOx Emissions Report The industrial
Page 35 and 36: Table 3-4: Ten CHP Prototypes and F
Page 37 and 38: NOx Emissions Report transmission/d
Page 39 and 40: NOx Emissions Report NOx emission i
Page 41 and 42: 4.0 Results and Discussion NOx Emis
Page 43 and 44: NOx Emissions Report 12.9 tons per
Page 45 and 46: References NOx Emissions Report Ban
Page 47 and 48: Appendix A Large Hospital CHP Analy
Page 49 and 50: Appendix A Small Hospital CHP Analy
Page 51 and 52: Appendix A Large Hotel CHP Analysis
Page 53 and 54: Size: 73,684 sq ft Base Case - Non
Page 55 and 56: Size: 62786 sq ft Base Case - Non C
Page 57: Appendix A Big Box Retail CHP Analy
Page 60 and 61: CHP Results CHP Technology: Microtu
Page 62 and 63: CHP Results Total Emissions for Con
Page 64 and 65: CHP Results The results generated b
Page 66 and 67: CHP Results Total Emissions from CH
Page 68 and 69: CHP Results Displaced Electricity 2
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CHP Results CHP Technology: Recip E
Page 72 and 73:
CHP Results Total Emissions for Con
Page 74 and 75:
CHP Results The results generated b
Page 76 and 77:
CHP Results Total Emissions from CH
Page 78 and 79:
CHP Results Displaced Electricity 2
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CHP Results CHP Technology: Combust
Page 82 and 83:
CHP Results Total Emissions for Con
Page 84 and 85:
CHP Results The results generated b
Page 86 and 87:
CHP Results Total Emissions from CH
Page 88:
CHP Results Displaced Electricity 2
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