NOx Emissions Impacts from Widespread Deployment of CHP in ...

Table 3-4: Ten CHP Prototypes and Frequency (by Prime Move Size)
NOx Emissions Report
Recip Engine GT*
GT
Prototype Capacity Microturbine (rich burn) (no duct burner) (duct burner)
0.1 MW 100% - - -
0.5 MW 50% 50% - -
2.0 MW - 50% 50% -
10.0 MW - 10% 40% 50%
100 MW
* GT = Gas Turbine
- - 50% 50%
Each CHP prototype must have an associated prime mover technology and operating
strategy to allow effective emissions modeling. Prime mover technologies used for CHP
prototypes include microturbines, reciprocating engines, and gas turbines, with and
without duct burners. Table 3-4 shows the frequency with which the various prime
movers are anticipated to occur for each size of prototype.
This breakout of the CHP potential by prime mover and size creates ten unique prototype
systems. Based upon the technical potential in HGB (Table 3-3) and the frequency of
each prototypical project (Table 3-4), the estimated number of projects anticipated for
each of the ten prototypes and the total electrical capacity can be calculated. The results,
which are presented in Table 3-5, show that in 2007, an estimated 946 projects could be
developed in the HGB industrial sector with a combined capacity of some 1,298 MW.
3.4 System Performance and Potential NOx Savings
In order to determine the NOx emission impacts from each of the ten prototypes, six CHP
templates were developed to reflect the range of prime mover technologies employed in
the ten prototype projects. The six templates include:
• 250 kW microturbine
• 750 kW rich burn reciprocating engine
• 3 MW rich burn reciprocating engine
• 3 MW gas turbine
• 10 MW gas turbine without duct burners
• 20 MW gas turbine with duct burners
In order to model the NOx emission impacts, information such as equipment
configurations, performance assumptions, and operating strategies was needed for each
template: in particular, required fuel type, the number of generating units, operating
hours, heat rate, the use of duct burners, and the type of absorption chiller used in the
project, if any. Templates were developed to align with practices and strategies
commonly applicable for typical industrial CHP facilities. Generally, CHP systems with
electrical capacity of less than 5 MW were assumed to operate only 5840 hours per year,
while those greater than 5 MW were assumed to operate year round. All of the industrial
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