NOx Emissions Impacts from Widespread Deployment of CHP in ...

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NOx Emissions Report than 200,000 businesses in the region, including each business’ geocoded location, for utilization within a geographic information system (GIS), along with its North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code. NAICS codes were used to identify the most promising CHP candidate business types within the region. The building stock was analyzed by building type. The viability of CHP in each building type was roughly estimated by considering building operation relative to the following factors. The viability of CHP development in a commercial or institutional building is enhanced by positive answers to these criteria. • Does the facility have a need for hot water, steam, or other thermal energy? • Do the building’s electrical and thermal loads show strong coincidence? • Does the facility operate continuously (24 hr x 365 days)? • Do the loads have low seasonal variations? • Does the facility need high power reliability? After thoroughly examining all the area’s commercial and institutional buildings via the infoUSA database, an initial list of roughly 200 facility types were identified where CHP was possible. Subsequent iterative analysis narrowed the number of facility types that both offered strong CHP viability and were well represented in the region to the following five broad categories: • Healthcare • Hotel and apartments • Office buildings • Schools • Retail A number of other building type categories or specific one-off buildings could potentially support attractive CHP projects, but were not included in this study due to difficulty estimating the size and characteristics of such systems. For example, the Houston Intercontinental Airport, Hobby Airport, the Ports of Houston and Galveston, certain waste water treatment facilities, refrigerated warehouses, area breweries, and other facilities could host viable CHP projects, potentially totaling to between 50-100 MW of electrical capacity. 2.2 Developing Prototype Buildings The five building categories considered in the study were evaluated to further characterize actual building types existing in the HGB region. The evaluation involved examining the literature regarding building analysis and various data sources specific to HGB, such as the U.S. Census and County Appraisal District databases. Based upon the picture that emerged of the existing building stock, the five building categories were broken into sub-categories that fit to the actual building stock existing in the region. The overall categories and building quantities in HGB are shown in Table 2-1 below. 12
Table 2-1: Commercial & Institutional CHP Prospects Master Category Prototype Existing Facilities Fitness and Sports Centers 122 Medical Labs 7 Small Hospitals 53 Healthcare Medium Hospitals 47 Buildings Large Hospitals 5 Small Nursing and Retirement Homes 41 Large Nursing and Retirement Homes 9 Subtotal 284 Small Hotels 313 Hotel and Medium Hotels 41 Apartment Large Hotel 15 Buildings High-Rise Only Apartments/Condos 117 Subtotal 486 High Rise Office 575 Offices Buildings Low-Rise Office Data Processing Large Libraries & Archives 684 96 75 Subtotal 1430 High Schools 178 School Colleges – no on campus living 3 Buildings Colleges – with on campus living 9 Subtotal 190 Supermarkets and Retail w/refrigeration 186 Retail Big Box Retail 356 Buildings Enclosed Shopping Malls 12 Subtotal 554 ALL TOTAL 2,944 NOx Emissions Report While the infoUSA Business/Employer database contains fairly detailed information on the business itself, it unfortunately does not offer detailed facility (structure) specific area (size) information. Each business’ facilities are simply classified into one of four broad area categories, with all facilities of 40,000 square feet or more identified under the same category. To ascertain more detailed category and facility specific (building) area information for the region, data from the Harris County Appraisal District (HCAD) was utilized. HCAD data for every building in Harris County was downloaded from the HCAD Public Data site. It was then processed, filtered, and summarized for each CHP candidate application type using SAS. The building database’s Building Style Code field was used to group each structure with the corresponding NAICS code of interest. Facility types were then summarized and aggregated into prototype groups within each candidate category, by square footage, based on their similar energy load profiles and 13
Page 1 and 2: February 2008 NOx Emissions Impacts
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS NOx Emissions Rep
Page 5 and 6: BACT Best Available Control Technol
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NOx Emissions Rep
Page 9 and 10: NOx Emissions Report than half of t
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 Introduction NOx Emissions Repo
Page 13 and 14: NOx Emissions Report regulating mos
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1-2: Efficiency Comparison -
Page 17 and 18: NOx Emissions Report central statio
Page 19 and 20: NOx Emissions Report 1.6 Data Sourc
Page 21: 2.0. Commercial and Institutional B
Page 25 and 26: • Retail Buildings (2): big box r
Page 27 and 28: NOx Emissions Report To assess the
Page 29 and 30: NOx Emissions Report 2.4.2 Prototyp
Page 31 and 32: 3.0 Industrial Facilities NOx Emiss
Page 33 and 34: NOx Emissions Report The industrial
Page 35 and 36: Table 3-4: Ten CHP Prototypes and F
Page 37 and 38: NOx Emissions Report transmission/d
Page 39 and 40: NOx Emissions Report NOx emission i
Page 41 and 42: 4.0 Results and Discussion NOx Emis
Page 43 and 44: NOx Emissions Report 12.9 tons per
Page 45 and 46: References NOx Emissions Report Ban
Page 47 and 48: Appendix A Large Hospital CHP Analy
Page 49 and 50: Appendix A Small Hospital CHP Analy
Page 51 and 52: Appendix A Large Hotel CHP Analysis
Page 53 and 54: Size: 73,684 sq ft Base Case - Non
Page 55 and 56: Size: 62786 sq ft Base Case - Non C
Page 57: Appendix A Big Box Retail CHP Analy
Page 60 and 61: CHP Results CHP Technology: Microtu
Page 62 and 63: CHP Results Total Emissions for Con
Page 64 and 65: CHP Results The results generated b
Page 66 and 67: CHP Results Total Emissions from CH
Page 68 and 69: CHP Results Displaced Electricity 2
Page 70 and 71: CHP Results CHP Technology: Recip E
Page 72 and 73:
CHP Results Total Emissions for Con
Page 74 and 75:
CHP Results The results generated b
Page 76 and 77:
CHP Results Total Emissions from CH
Page 78 and 79:
CHP Results Displaced Electricity 2
Page 80 and 81:
CHP Results CHP Technology: Combust
Page 82 and 83:
CHP Results Total Emissions for Con
Page 84 and 85:
CHP Results The results generated b
Page 86 and 87:
CHP Results Total Emissions from CH
Page 88:
CHP Results Displaced Electricity 2
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