Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy - DTU Orbit

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produces a linear correlation with R 2 =0.81 and we assume that the source of 129 I in the Kattegat is only attributed to Sellafield and La Hague marine discharges. The water exchange between the Baltic Sea and North Sea is largely influenced by meteorological and oceanographic conditions (4), but the annual seawater flux into the Baltic Sea has been averagely estimated to be 471 km 3 (5). Seawater outflow 129 I flowing out of the Baltic Sea has been calculated by concentrations in the Baltic Proper multiplying by water outflow fluxes. Outflow of 129 I concentrations changes every computing time step with respect to ratio of inventory in the Baltic Proper to corresponding volume. In term of seawater flux out of the Baltic Sea, a constant value of 949 km 3 (5) has been averagely estimated. Freshwater tributary 129 I tributary from fresh water system such as rivers and precipitation was also estimated and no consideration was given to groundwater inflow as 129 I content is expected to be insignificant (6). 129 I concentrations in the rivers surrounding the Baltic Sea is dominant by atmospheric deposition (7), and 129 I concentration is strongly latitude dependent in this area, with an average of 4.5 × 10 8 atoms/L. This value is adopted in this model and the contribution from rivers is treated as a constant independent of time. The results show the insignificant rivers input to the Baltic Sea 129 I pool, which agrees with the estimation of Aldahan et al. (8). As annual average fluxes from precipitation (224 km 3 ) and evaporation (184 km 3 ) are nearly the same, thus the model used here does not account for the tributaries from them and assumes that magnitudes S4
of their contribution to the Baltic Proper are mutually counteracted. Sedimentation The sediment module, stressing on sediments-water exchange, as a source (9) may play significant role in simulation of ecosystems. In the model used here we have not distinguished between rocky and soft bottom, and a typically constant 129 I value of 22 × 10 8 atoms/g (10) and dry matter deposition flux within Baltic Sea (48 × 10 6 t/y, 11) are used . Then, based on the assumption that inventory is the same for every year, 129 I sink for sediment laden for 39 years is estimated. Literature cited (1) Hou, X.; Dahlgaard, H.; Rietz, B.; Jacobsen, U.; Nielsen, S. P.; Aarkrog, A. Determination of Chemical Species of Iodine in Seawater by Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis Combined with Ion-Exchange Preseparation. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71 (14), 2745-2750. (2) Hou, X.; Dahlgaard, H.; Nielsen, S. P. Chemical speciation analysis of 129I in seawater and a preliminary investigation to use it as a tracer for geochemical cycle study of stable iodine. Mar. Chem. 2001, 74 (2-3), 145-155. (3) Hou, X. L.; Dahlgaard, H.; Nielsen, S. P.; Kucera, J. Level and origin of Iodine-129 in the Baltic Sea. J. Environ. Radioact. 2002, 61 (3), 331-343. (4) Gustafsson, B. G. Quantification of water, salt, oxygen and nutrient exchange of the Baltic Sea from observations in the Arkona Basin. Cont. Shelf Res. 2001, 21 (13-14), 1485-1500. (5) Witt, G. Occurrence and transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water bodies of the Baltic Sea. Mar. Chem. 2002, 79 (2), 49-66. (6) Buraglio, N.; Aldahan, A.; Possnert, G.; Vintersved, I. 129I from the Nuclear Reprocessing Facilities Traced in Precipitation and Runoff in Northern Europe. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35 (8), 1579-1586. (7) Kekli, A.; Aldahan, A.; Meili, M.; Possnert, G.; Buraglio, N.; Stepanauskas, R. 129I in Swedish rivers: distribution and sources. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 309 (1-3), 161-172. (8) Aldahan, A.; Possnert, G.; Alfimov, V.; Cato, I.; Kekli, A. Anthropogenic 129I in the Baltic Sea. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B. 2007, 259 (1), 491-495. (9) Wulff, F.; Stigebrandt, A.; Rahm, L. Nutrient Dynamics of the Baltic Sea. Ambio 1990, 19 (3), 126-133. (10) Aldahan, A.; Englund, E.; Possnert, G.; Cato, I.; Hou, X. L. Iodine-129 enrichment in sediment of the Baltic Sea. Appl. Geochem. 2007, 22 (3), 637-647. S5
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Chemical Speciation Analysis and En
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Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of
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Abstract This thesis deals with che
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environment since they reflect the
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organiske jodformer. Adsorption af
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None of this would have been possib
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Abbreviations and acronyms b+ - pos
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3.1 Analytical Development………
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Table 1 Some properties of iodine P
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In soils/sediments iodine occurs as
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Table 2 Nuclear properties of iodin
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Liquid scintillation counting (LSC)
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The bioavailability of radioactive
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data (Englund et al., 2010; Hou et
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2. Analytical procedures used in th
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2.3 Quantification of total iodine
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Fig. 5 Quantification of total iodi
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iodate were measured by counting 12
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Fig. 6 Sequential extraction proced
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a Fig. 8 Calibration curve for (a)
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experiment was subjected to combust
Page 43 and 44: Table 7 Adsorption of iodine specie
Page 45 and 46: numbers 11-14), which is about the
Page 47 and 48: marine environment from nuclear fue
Page 49 and 50: 127 I - (ppb) 127 IO3 - (ppb) a b 1
Page 51 and 52: Although the oxygen concentration d
Page 53 and 54: 129 I TBq 2,00E+00 1,80E+00 1,60E+0
Page 55 and 56: • Adsorption of iodine species on
Page 57 and 58: Reference Aldahan A, Kekli A, Possn
Page 59 and 60: Fuge R& Johnson C. 1986. The geoche
Page 61 and 62: Lo´pez-Gutie´rrez JM, Garcı ´a-
Page 63 and 64: Shinohara K. 2004. Measurement and
Page 65 and 66: http://www.irsn.fr/EN/news/Document
Page 67 and 68: Review Analytica Chimica Acta 632 (
Page 69 and 70: Table 1 Nuclear properties and prod
Page 71 and 72: Fig. 2. Liquid discharges of 129 I
Page 73 and 74: Fig. 5. Schematic diagram and pictu
Page 75 and 76: 129 I in iodide and iodate is then
Page 77 and 78: Fig. 8. Diagram of air sampler for
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 10. Iodine L3-edge (a) and K-e
Page 81 and 82: analysis of 129 I in water sample a
Page 83 and 84: Yi P, Aldahan A, Hansen V, Possnert
Page 85 and 86: FIGURE 1. Sampling sites (the red s
Page 87 and 88: FIGURE 3. Horizontal distribution o
Page 89 and 90: FIGURE 5. Time series data of 129 I
Page 91 and 92: Environmental Science & Technology
Page 93: prepared using KI and KIO3. No diff
Page 97 and 98: Fig. S-1 Sampling sites (the red so
Page 99 and 100: Fig. S-3 Vertical distribution of I
Page 101 and 102: Fig. S-5 Marine discharges function
Page 103 and 104: Fig.S-7 Relationship between I-129
Page 105 and 106: Table S-1 Results of I-129 and I-12
Page 107 and 108: S17
Page 109 and 110: Paper III Hansen,V., Yi, P., Hou, X
Page 111 and 112: conversion process between iodide a
Page 113 and 114: Table 1 Analytical results of 129 I
Page 115 and 116: August April I-129 iodide ( 10 8 at
Page 117 and 118: References Aldahan A, Kekli A, Poss
Page 119 and 120: Partition of iodine ( 129 I and 127
Page 121 and 122: Norway (Table 1). CTD-casts with ox
Page 123 and 124: 5. Discussion 5.1. Separation of hu
Page 125 and 126: In the present study 40e60% of 129
Page 127 and 128: Hutta, M., Gora, R., 2003. Novel st
Page 129 and 130: Analysis of 129 I and 127 I in arch
Page 131 and 132: et al., 2002). Due to the fact that
Page 133 and 134: espectively. The iodine was leached
Page 135 and 136: salinities in the same area. Apart
Page 137 and 138: North Sea. 129 I/ 127 I ratios in w
Page 139 and 140: Table 2 Analytical results of 129-I
Page 141 and 142: 129 I/ 127 I 1,40E-07 1,20E-07 1,00
Page 143 and 144: References Aldahan A, Englund E, Po
Page 145 and 146:
O’Dowd, C.; Jimenez, J. L.; Bahre
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Iodine ( 129 I and 127 I) speciatio
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water in winter by molecular oxygen
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0.2 M KNO3. The effluent and the wa
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maximum values is at 0.03-0.06×10
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into the English Channel from the L
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References Aldahan A, Kekli A, Poss
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Risø-PhD-81(EN)
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Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy - DTU Orbit

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