Report - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

Danish legislation, Danish research reports or calculations based on emission
data from a considerable number of plants.
A number of large plants, e.g. power plants, municipal waste incineration
plants and large industrial plants are registered individually as large point
sources. This enables use of plant-specific emission factors that refer to emission
measurements stated in annual environmental reports. Emission factors
of SO2, NOX, HM and PM are often plant specific.
Please refer to Chapter 3.2 and Annex 2A for further information on emission
inventories for stationary combustion plants.
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The emissions from transport referring to SNAP category 07 (Road transport)
and the sub-categories in 08 (Other mobile sources) are made up in the NFR
categories; 1A3b (Road transport), 1A2f (Industry-other), 1A3a (Civil aviation),
1A3c (Railways), 1A3d (Navigation), 1A4c (Agriculture/forestry/fisheries),
1A4a (Commercial/institutional), 1A4b (Residential) and 1A5
(Other).
An internal DCE model with a structure similar to the European COPERT IV
emission model (EMEP/EEA, 2009) is used to calculate the Danish annual
emissions for road traffic. The emissions are calculated for operationally hot
engines, during cold start and fuel evaporation. The model also includes the
emission effect of catalyst wear. Input data for vehicle stock and mileage is
obtained from DTU Transport and Statistics Denmark, and is grouped according
to average fuel consumption and emission behaviour. For each
group, the emissions are estimated by combining vehicle type and annual
mileage figures with hot emission factors, cold:hot ratios and evaporation
factors (Tier 2 approach).
For air traffic, from 2001 onwards estimates are made on a city-pair level, using
flight data provided by the Danish Civil Aviation Agency (CAA-DK) for
flights between Danish airports and flights between Denmark and
Greenland/Faroe Islands, and LTO and distance-related emission factors
from the CORINAIR guidelines (Tier 2 approach). For previous years, the
background data consists of LTO/aircraft type statistics from Copenhagen
Airport and total LTO numbers from CAA-DK. With appropriate assumptions,
consistent time series of emissions are produced back to 1990 and include
the findings from a Danish city-pair emission inventory in 1998.
Off-road working machines and equipment are grouped in the following sectors:
inland waterways (pleasure craft), agriculture, forestry, industry, and
household and gardening. The sources for stock and operational data are
various branch organisations and key experts. In general, the emissions are
calculated by combining information on the number of different machine
types and their respective load factors, engine sizes, annual working hours
and emission factors (Tier 2 approach).
The inventory for navigation consists of regional ferries, local ferries and
other national sea transport (sea transport between Danish ports and between
Denmark and Greenland/Faroe Islands). For regional ferries, the fuel
consumption and emissions are calculated as a product of number of round
trips per ferry route (Statistics Denmark), sailing time per round trip, share