Ecoregional Assessment of Biological Diversity in East Kalimantan

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East Kalimantan Ecoregional Assessment: Chapter 2 – Target Ecological Systems The primary sources of stress in Orangutan populations are the same as those to its habitat, with the exception of poaching: • Illegal Logging • Illegal Human Settlements • Wildfire • Poaching • Poorly Managed Legal Logging • Roads 31
East Kalimantan Ecoregional Assessment: Chapter 2 – Target Ecological Systems F. Lowland Limestone (Karst) Forests Description As in most areas of the world where this biologically diverse geologic formation is found, there is a wide range of plant communities found on limestone substrates in Kalimantan. In addition to the Lowland Limestone Rainforest target, MacKinnon et al. (1996) identifies Lowland Scree Forest, Lowland Limestone Cliff Communities, Lower Montane Lowland Limestone Rainforest and Upper Montane Lowland Limestone Rainforest. In East Kalimantan, only the first three types are found – both of the Montane Lowland Limestone Rainforests are absent. The Lowland Scree Forests and Lowland Limestone Cliff Communities are represented in this assessment within our Lowland Rainforests ecological system. They are mainly found on the RePPProT landsystem types GBJ (flat karst country with rolling hills) - which are extensive in the northeastern part of the Sangulirang Peninsula in stratigraphic unit 2 -and occasionally on the KPR type (rolling hills with highly fractured karst). These forests vary in structure considerably from Lowland Limestone Rainforest. They are characterized by being fairly open with massive emergents as opposed to the closed canopy typical of intact Lowland Limestone Rainforest. Lowland Limestone Rainforests form dense irregular forests on steep limestone country where slopes are greater than 45 o . They are tall forests comprised mostly of dipterocarps, 32
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Ecoregional Assessment of Biological Diversity in East Kalimantan

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