Congenital malformations - Edocr

CHAPTER 47 ARTHROGRYPOSIS 329
unknown etiology, a couple with a child with this
disorder has no increased risk over the general
population risk. 11 In the absence of a clear etiology,
Hall and Reed reported the recurrence risk
as 4.7% if only the limbs were involved, 1.4% if
the limbs plus other areas were involved, and 7%
if the central nervous system was involved. 19 In
absence of a complete workup and a specific
diagnosis, the recurrence risk of having another
affected child is reported to be about 3–5%. 6
Serial ultrasounds can identify an affected fetus
in early second trimester in many cases.
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