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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE IMPACT OF NTAE PARTICIPATION ON THE EMPLOYMENT, INCOME, AND QUAI.1TY OF L.IFE OF WOMEN IN GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, AND COSTA RICA In Central America the term 'nontraditional agricultural exports" (NTAE) referring is a loose to des'criptor a mix of different crops in each country that includes fruits, vegetables, ornamental cut flowers, plan:s, foc.iage, spices, herbs, and nuts. Non-traditionals have much been attention the focus by of development agencies. They are perceived to hold great promise because: first, they tend to be labor intensive thus helping to address the region's problems; unemployment second, they can often be grown on comparatively small parcels of achieving land, thus a "higher" use of the land and bringing development opportunities within of the smaller range la:r ho'.'r. and providing a wider distribution of benefits among the population; third, they and, terd to be high valued, thus helping improve the flow of hard currency into the region. One of the L-.spoken assumptions of programs and projects aimed at strengthening the NTAE subseZor has bcCn that %;onenwil, benefit as much as men from increases in NTAE activity, and probably more. This has never been confirmed, however, and in fact little is known about the true nature or magnitude of benefits that may be accruing to women. The question sparking this study is whether thc promise of benefits from NTAE exports is translating into real benefits for the women of Central America. S.ecifically, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact on women NTAE of involvement through its in effect on employment, income and quality of life. The first describes par- of this th.e study vomen and men ho work in NTAE production --their civil status, age, education, chidren, rof and the like. The second part addresses how women experience the impact of NT'AE ir.their lives. METHODOLOGY Given the enormity and variety of possible enterprises and persons working in those enterprises, the initial research design assumed a selective sampling of products that would allow for comparisons both within and across the three countries included in the study, namely, Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica. Based on conversations ,ith several key persons involved inNTAE production, the fodlo.,ing crops were selected: 1. Melons as a seasonal crop grown in each of the three countries 2. Ornamental plants and/or flowers as a product that is cultivated year-round i
;Y34' Speciaty product -poducts that are uniqueC to each country and ri.present aconpetitu'e' Sfor them_ -that mtd ihad~egctablcs,'in Guaitcrnlala, 'hard. or vinter squash.4 ~ ~ ii~Hodurs~aidircessed tro~ rIis i in. Hodrsadp. l not fi.~ in%:r%)IA'ir c'~c~ad 2,r the. otI er for mnan.agem,ent-i6'eI inr . ie isVrom , 'each firm' amisrdo ,With he aid "of collaborating. *4 inti utions; sej~eeternss~wre conated and interviews conducted'in, each cbir
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UNITED STATES INTERMATION4.DEVELOPM
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PROJECT AUTHORIZATION Name of Count
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MORT INDUSTRY TECHOLOGr SUPPORT PRO
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TAbl of ContentU (continued) Sectio
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ABS A.I
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Project Paper kort Industry Technol
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positive impact on export promotion
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with applied NTA research for regio
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USAID/Honduras has provided assista
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(2) improved agribusiness technolog
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Institutional Develogment of Exnort
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computer and database management sy
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export-oriented organizations and f
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The EXITOS buy-in mechanism will pe
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3.2.9 BvXxlnz One of the intents of
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4.0 COST ESTIMATES AND FIngNC|ILA N
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Tabte 4-1 Stuiary Project Cost Esti
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Tabte 4-4 Methods of Implementation
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5.0 ENW20=TIO P Implementation of E
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scope of work, an illustrative budg
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assistance. The organisa;.ions will
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Table 5-1 Imlementation Schedule (c
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6.0 PBOCURENZNTPLAN 6.1 PROCUREMENT
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6.5 CRAY IIENDWENT CONSIDERAITIONS
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8.0 OLLcZJis S The only significant
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esearch); (2) helping entrepreneur'
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on a regional basis therefore give
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9.4 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS An Insti
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especially true when conitrasted wi
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upon circumstances. EXITOS will not
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Anexe
Page 63 and 64: Annex A Project A22roval Su-mary A
Page 65 and 66: Annex B Loaical Framework
Page 67 and 68: Page 2 of & Logical Framework EXITO
Page 69 and 70: Logical Frmework EXITOS: 596-0165 P
Page 71 and 72: Annex C Statutory Checklist SC(2) -
Page 73 and 74: (4) If assistance is terminated to
Page 75 and 76: under Code 941 and which have attai
Page 77 and 78: 5. CRITERIA APPLICABLE TO DEVELOPME
Page 79 and 80: 601(e)): Will the project utilize c
Page 81 and 82: . Long-range plans (FAA sec. 122(b
Page 83 and 84: C. CRITERIA APPLICABLE TO ECONOMIC
Page 85 and 86: .Annex D Technical Analysis 1.0 INT
Page 87 and 88: selections, improved cultural pract
Page 89 and 90: The skillful, energetic, well-targe
Page 91 and 92: PROEXAG COSTA RICA EL SALVADOR GUAT
Page 93 and 94: PROEXAG Chiouita was asked to formu
Page 95 and 96: Annex E Financial Analysis EXITOS i
Page 97 and 98: First, Project financial soundness
Page 99 and 100: Table E-1 Detailed Project Cost Est
Page 101 and 102: Annex F Economic Analysis
Page 103 and 104: TABLE F-1 (100,000 pound 1987 1988
Page 105 and 106: have shown some success. The Japane
Page 107 and 108: Annex G Institutional AnalYsis Grow
Page 109 and 110: Annex H Social Soundness Analysis
Page 111 and 112: have suggested that the expansion o
Page 113: P1ROEXAG PROEXAG NON-TRADITIONAL AG
Page 117 and 118: t; • -. . .+ j-j~yt:IMPACJ OF- NT
Page 119 and 120: Interventions to improve working co
Page 121 and 122: Annex I Environmental Assessment
Page 123 and 124: Table of Contents Tab] of Contents
Page 125 and 126: Table of Contents (concluded) Aipen
Page 127 and 128: - 2 - Environmental Assessment Expo
Page 129 and 130: - 4 - Mitigating Measures. Pestici
Page 131 and 132: - 6 - Pursuant to 22 CFR 216.3(a)(4
Page 133 and 134: - 8 3.1.3 Alternative 3: No Acti
Page 135 and 136: - 10 restrictions governing pest
Page 137 and 138: - 12 issues may directly affect
Page 139 and 140: - 13 - Population size ranges from
Page 141 and 142: - 14 into eight categories: mang
Page 143 and 144: - 16 the quality of the local en
Page 145 and 146: - 18 - Table 5-1 Selected NTAE Cros
Page 147 and 148: - 20 - Still, much remains to be do
Page 149 and 150: - 22 - The extent to which NTAE cro
Page 151 and 152: - 24 generated by the operation;
Page 153 and 154: - 26 many times employ superior
Page 155 and 156: - 28 5.5.2 Natural Resource Use
Page 157 and 158: - 30 - Dr. Wayne Williams served as
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 1 EXITOS Initial Environme
Page 161 and 162: INITIAL EKV1RO ...NT&7,L XJ.NT Expo
Page 163 and 164: violations of U.S. pesticide regula
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Appendix 2 EXITOS Environmental Ass
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estimates; and (6) prepare an EA as
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Appendix 3 I~na StatementAroval Cab
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SECTCR ORGANIZATIONS PROMCTI TRADE
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TNVIRONM.ENTAL ASSESSMENT, LIGATION
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Appendiz 4 Ribliogrgph Ly
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Population Reference Bureau (PRB).
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Appendix 5 partial List of Contacts
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